Glassfrogs of Ecuador: Diversity, Evolution, and Conservation

Diversity, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(6), С. 222 - 222

Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2020

Glassfrogs (family: Centrolenidae) represent a fantastic radiation (~150 described species) of Neotropical anurans that originated in South America and dispersed into Central America. In this study, we review the systematics Ecuadorian glassfrogs, providing species accounts all 60 species, including three new herein. For provide information on evolution, morphology, biology, conservation, distribution. We present molecular phylogeny for Centrolenidae address cryptic diversity within family. employ candidate system designate 24 putative require further study to determine their status. find that, some cases, currently recognized lack justification; specifically, place Centrolene gemmata scirtetes under synonymy lynchi; C. guanacarum bacata sanchezi; Cochranella phryxa resplendens; Hyalinobatrachium ruedai munozorum. also diversification patterns are mostly congruent with allopatric speciation, facilitated by barriers gene flow (e.g., valleys, mountains, linearity Andes), niche conservatism is dominant feature Conservation threats diverse, but habitat destruction climate change particular concern. The most imperiled glassfrogs Ecuador buckleyi, charapita, geckoidea, medemi, pipilata, mache, Nymphargus balionotus, N. manduriacu, megacheirus, sucre, which considered Critically Endangered. Lastly, identify priority areas glassfrog conservation Ecuador.

Язык: Английский

---

The behavioural and physiological ecology of embryos: responding to the challenges of life inside an egg

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 97(4), С. 1272 - 1286

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2022

Adaptations of post-hatching animals have attracted far more study than embryonic responses to environmental challenges, but recent research suggests that we underestimated the complexity and flexibility embryos. We advocate a dynamic view embryos as organisms capable responding - on both ecological evolutionary timescales their developmental environments. By viewing in this way, rather assuming an inability pre-hatching stages adapt respond, can broaden ontogenetic breadth research. Both biotic abiotic factors affect embryogenesis, exhibit broad range behavioural physiological enable them deal with changes environments course interactions parents, other embryos, predators, physical environment. Such plasticity may profoundly offspring phenotypes fitness, turn influence temporal spatial dynamics populations communities. Future field could benefit from integrated framework combines multiple approaches (field investigations, manipulative experiments, modelling) clarify mechanisms consequences adaptations plasticity.

Язык: Английский

---

What Amphibians Can Teach Us About the Evolution of Parental Care

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 54(1), С. 43 - 62

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2023

Parenting is considered a key evolutionary innovation that contributed to the diversification and expansion of vertebrates. However, we know little about how such diversity evolved. Amphibians are an ideal group in which identify ecological factors have facilitated or constrained evolution different forms parental care. Among, but also within, three amphibian orders—Anura, Caudata, Gymnophiona—there high level variation habitat use, fertilization mode, mating systems, sex roles. Recent work using broad phylogenetic, experimental, physiological approaches has helped uncover selected for care transitions between parenting. Here, highlight exceptional care, emphasize unique opportunities this offers addressing questions parenting, give insights into promising novel directions research.

Язык: Английский

---

Evolutionary trade-offs between testes size and parenting in Neotropical glassfrogs

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 291(2016)

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2024

In males, large testes size signifies high sperm production and is commonly linked to heightened competition levels. It may also evolve as a response an elevated risk of depletion due multiple mating or clutch sizes. Conversely, weapons, mate guarding allow individuals monopolize events preclude competition, thereby reducing the selection testes. Herein, we examined how paternal care, sexual dimorphism (SSD), weaponry female fecundity are in glassfrogs. We found that care was associated with reduction relative size, suggesting evolutionary trade-off between parenting. Although females were slightly larger than males species tended have clutches, there no significant relationship SSD, size. These findings suggest evolution glassfrogs influenced by risk, rather risk. infer precludes fertilization other consequently diminishes selective pressure for Our study highlights prominent role external fertilization.

Язык: Английский

---

Effects of larval foam-making and prolonged terrestriality on morphology, nitrogen excretion and development to metamorphosis in a Leptodactylid frog

PeerJ, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13, С. e18990 - e18990

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025

At ontogenetic transitions, animals often exhibit plastic variation in development, behavior and physiology response to environmental conditions. Most terrestrial-breeding frogs have aquatic larval periods. Some species can extend their initial terrestrial period, as either a embryonic balance trade-offs across environments or an enforced wait for rain that allows larvae access habitats. Terrestrial of the foam-nesting frog, Leptodactylus fragilis , arrest make own nest foam prevent dehydration, synthesize urea avoid ammonia toxicity. These responses enable survival during unpredictably long periods underground chambers, waiting floods exit continued development water. However, such physiological behavioral may immediate long-term carry-over effects subsequent ecological developmental transitions. We examined prolonged terrestriality foam-making activity on physiology, metamorphosis L. . tested changes ability by measuring nests produced following complete removal parental at different ages. measured levels assess nitrogen excretion patterns, testing age, soil hydration around nests, repeated construction. also assessed morphology water entry metamorphosis. found arrested time land even young were able effectively produce multiple nests. high concentrations very developmentally older larvae, faster growth than while constructing Nonetheless, sibling had similar period size metamorphosis, regardless nest-making timing entry. Sibship increased but reduced per-capita production suggesting maternal cooperative groups. Metamorph decreased with period. Our results highlight extent maintain construct suitable environment excrete N-waste urea, which are both crucial extensions terrestriality. suggest energetic reserves large eggs sufficient meet metabolic costs synthesis over extended land, no apparent fitness-relevant traits

Язык: Английский

---

Is there a right place? The effect of within-leaf clutch location on offspring survival in a glassfrog

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 20(4), С. e0309642 - e0309642

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2025

The choice of where to breed can have fundamental consequences for offspring development and survival. Among amphibians, desiccation is one the biggest threats survival, especially in species that deposit their clutches terrestrial habitats. In several species, hydration clutch ensured by a caregiving parent, but without prolonged care, site selection becomes critically important securing constant external sources hydration. We used Spiny Cochran frog ( Teratohyla spinosa ), Neotropical glassfrog which females perform only short-term brooding clutches, then both parents leave offspring, test effect oviposition within leaves on Previous observations revealed this preferentially deposits eggs underside close margins. hypothesized T. strategically chooses position ensure during embryonic development, as water drops will slide from edges tip before dripping. To end, we performed translocation experiment manipulated location placing them away leaf margin compared level hydration, hatching time, mortality rate were kept Contrary our expectations, found not affected leaf. These findings suggest observed deposition enhancing conditions – at least under high humidity conditions.

Язык: Английский

---

Benefits and costs of female and male care in amphibians: a meta-analytical approach

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 290(2010)

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2023

The origin of parental care is a central question in evolutionary biology, and understating the evolution this behaviour requires quantifying benefits costs. To address subject, we conducted meta-analysis on amphibians, group which has evolved multiple times. We found that both male female parents increase egg survival, regardless whether breeding site concealed or exposed. Parental also increases survival growth tadpoles juveniles, independent caring sex. However, reduces body condition, particularly when remain stationary near offspring. Females tend to experience higher reproductive costs, but sample size restricted few species. In some frog species, paternal success because females prefer males. amphibians resembles those reported for arthropods differ from fish, does not improve offspring survival. Moreover, decrease influenced by form care, suggesting trade-off between foraging, as already certain arthropods. Finally, costs sexes unexplored deserve further research.

Язык: Английский

---

A multidisciplinary approach reveals a new species of glassfrog from Colombia (Anura: Centrolenidae: Nymphargus)

Zootaxa, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 5271(1), С. 1 - 48

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2023

Anurans of the family Centrolenidae are a highly diverse clade Neotropical treefrogs. In last two decades, glassfrogs have become model system for studies in ecology and evolutionary biology, part because their taxonomy phylogenetic relationships considered relatively well established. However, there still many gaps our knowledge, example, which morphological characters important species delimitation. Consequently, several complexes remain unresolved. Using data on external internal morphology adult individuals, tadpoles, advertisement call traits genetic sequences, we describe new glassfrog (Nymphargus pijao sp. nov.) endemic to Colombia that has been previously missasigned Nymphargus griffithsi. We include this description three phenotypic related pectoral musculature testis size, traditionally overlooked about systematics glassfrogs. addition, present details low-cost method implemented field rear tadpoles species. This methodology can solve common problems during management care egg masses hence, promotes more better knowledge anuran biodiversity Neotropics.

Язык: Английский

---

Not enough time: short-term female presence after oviposition does not improve egg survival in the emerald glass frog

Animal Behaviour, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 213, С. 161 - 171

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Dehydration-Induced Mortality and Premature Hatching in Gliding Treefrogs with Even Small Reductions in Humidity

Ichthyology & Herpetology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 109(1)

Опубликована: Март 24, 2021

Climate change is affecting rainfall patterns and increasing dry spells in the tropics. Although many environmental conditions can affect hatching timing survival of amphibian embryos, increased variation humidity have particularly strong effects on species facing higher risk from dehydration, such as those with terrestrial eggs. Thus, it important to understand how these changes may development, behavior, immediate long-term embryos. We investigated whether Gliding Treefrog embryos (Agalychnis spurrelli) adaptively shift their response dehydration risk, at cost smaller hatchling size. raised under three levels assessed egg clutch hydration, timing, mortality. Mean 92% Experiment I led over 98% mortality by dehydration. A decrease 99 96% mean relative II induced premature reduced size across ages. Both thickness 99% decreased humidity. Our results suggest that A. spurrelli are extremely dependent consistent precipitation vulnerable climate change. we did not directly measure differences fitness, our previous findings small, hatchlings dehydrated eggs would suffer tadpoles, thus embryos' self-defense against likely carries a delayed cost. These add understanding predicted impact anuran early life stages.

Язык: Английский

---