Host insect specificity and interspecific competition drive parasitoid diversification in a plant–insect community

Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 104(7)

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2023

Ecological interactions among plants, insect herbivores, and parasitoids are pervasive in nature play important roles community assembling, but the codiversification of tri-trophic has received less attention. Here we compare pairwise patterns between a set 22 fig species, their herbivorous pollinating galling wasps, parasitoids. The parasitoid phylogeny showed significant congruence more cospeciation events with host insects than plants. These results suggest that speciation is closely related to wasps hosted species gallers indicated intense interspecific competition associated pollinators. Closer matching fewer evolutionary shifts were found galler hosts pollinator hosts. parasitoids, rather resource availability main driver pattern this community. Therefore, our study highlights role high trophic level plant-insect assembling.

Язык: Английский

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Vertically inherited microbiota and environment modifying behaviors conceal genetic variation in dung beetle life history

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2024

Abstract Diverse organisms actively manipulate their (sym)biotic and physical environment in ways that feedback on own development. However, the degree to which these processes affect microevolution remains poorly understood. The gazelle dung beetle both physically modifies its ontogenetic structures biotic interactions through vertical symbiont transmission. By experimentally eliminating i) environmental modifications, ii) inheritance of microbes, we assess how modifying behavior microbiome transmission shape heritable variation evolutionary potential. We found depriving larvae from symbionts behaviors increased additive genetic variance heritability for development time but not body size. This suggests larvae’s ability has potential modify facilitate accumulation cryptic variation. may become released selectable when encounter environments alter they can be manipulated. Our findings also suggest intact microbiomes, are commonly thought increase hosts, instead reduce conceal More broadly, our highlight populations evolve encountering novel, stressful conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Different gut microbial types were found in captive striped hamsters

PeerJ, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11, С. e16365 - e16365

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2023

Background Typing analysis has become a popular approach to categorize individual differences in studies of animal gut microbial communities. However, previous definitions types were more understood as passive reaction process different external interferences, most involve diverse environmental variables. We wondered whether distinct can also occur animals under the same environment. Moreover, role host sex shaping microbiota been widely reported; thus, current study preliminarily explores effects on potential types. Methods Here, adult striped hamsters Cricetulus barabensis sexes housed controlled laboratory conditions, and their fecal samples collected after two months assess by 16S rRNA sequencing. Results The captive naturally separated into at amplicon sequence variant (ASV) level. There was significant difference Shannon index among these A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that top 30 ASVs could effectively distinguish each type. Linear discriminant effect size (LEfSe) enrichment genera Lactobacillus , Treponema Pygmaiobacter one type Turicibacter Ruminiclostridium other. former had higher carbohydrate metabolism ability, while latter harbored complex co-occurrence network amino acid ability. not associated with sex; however, we did find relative abundances certain bacterial taxa, including some type-specific variations. Conclusions Although live unified environment, bacteria still differentiate types, but hosts may play an important typing small-scale relevant driving factors well other need be further investigated better understand host-microbe interactions.

Язык: Английский

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Domestication and evolutionary histories of specialized gut symbionts across cephalotine ants

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 33(15)

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2024

The evolution of animals and their gut symbionts is a complex phenomenon, obscured by lability diversity. In social organisms, transmission among relatives may yield systems with more stable associations. Here, we study the history insect symbiosis involving cephalotine ants extracellular bacteria, which come predominantly from host-specialized lineages. We perform multi-locus phylogenetics for nine bacterial orders, map prior amplicon sequence data to lineage-assigned symbiont genomes, studying distributions rigorously defined across 20 host species. Based on monophyly additional hypothesis testing, estimate that these specialized bacteria belong 18 distinct lineages, 15 have been successfully isolated cultured. Several lineages showed evidence domestication events occurred later in evolutionary history, only one lineage was ubiquitously detected all species 48 colonies sampled 16S rRNA sequencing. found phylogenetically constrained four symbionts, suggesting historical or genetic impacts community composition. Two frequent intra-lineage co-infections, highlighting potential niche divergence after initial domestication. Nearly occasional switching, but may, often, co-diversify hosts. Through our further assessment localization genomic functional profiles, demonstrate niches shared histories, prompting questions forces underlying hosts microbiomes.

Язык: Английский

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Extensive inheritance of gut microbial communities in a superorganismal termite

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2022

Abstract Mutualistic co-evolution can be mediated by vertical transmission of symbionts between host generations. Organisms exhibit adaptations that ensure optimal microbial inheritance, yet it is unknown if this extends to superorganismal social insects co-evolved gut microbiomes. Here, we document consistent preserves more than 80 bacterial genera across colony generations in a fungus-farming termite model system. Inheritance governed reproductives, analogous organismal gametes, found new colonies and are endowed with environmentally-sensitive termite-specific microbes. These then reliably passed on within the offspring colony, where priority effects dictate composition forming microbiome. Founding reproductives thus play central role transmission. However, sharp contrast inheritance an endosymbiont egg, multicellular properties gametes allow for entire communities co-adapted Superorganismal aligns reproductive interests diverse set microbes clarifies fundamental driver millions years termite-bacterial co-diversification. Ultimately, high symbiotic fidelity control favors mutualistic cooperation should surpass other animals complex

Язык: Английский

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Extensive inheritance of gut microbial communities in a superorganismal termite

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2023

Abstract Mutualistic co-evolution can be mediated by vertical transmission of symbionts between host generations. Organisms exhibit adaptations that ensure optimal microbial inheritance, yet the extent to which this applies social insects, such as termites have co-evolved with gut microbes, is poorly resolved. Here, we document consistent across colony generations fungus-farming termites. Inherited bacteria comprise 44% microbiome, over 80 genera, and strains are specific termite pedigrees. We show superorganism, consisting reproductives workers, analogous gametes soma an organism, adapted vertically transmit a distinct community high fidelity. Microbial inheritance achieved because colony-founding endowed set non-random, environmentally-sensitive, termite-specific microbes derived from their colonies origin. Reproductives biparentally these offspring where priority effects dictate composition forming microbiome. Superorganismal gametes, reproductives, thus secure entire communities specific, critical microbiome later retained workers. Extensive aligns evolutionary patterns termite-bacterial co-diversification. This colony-level extends models individual organisms superorganisms, both demonstrate retain symbiotic fidelity mixed-mode conducive mutualism.

Язык: Английский

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