Differences in prey availability across space and time lead to interaction rewiring and reshape a predator–prey metaweb

Ecology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 103(8)

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2022

Space and time promote variation in network structure by affecting the likelihood of potential interactions. However, little is known about relative roles ecological biogeographical processes determining how species interactions vary across space time. Here we study spatiotemporal predator-prey interaction networks formed anurans arthropods test for effects prey availability patterns, information that often absent limits understanding determinants structure. We found dissimilarity between ecoregions seasons was high primarily driven rewiring.We also turnover positively related to geographical distance. Using a null model approach disentangle effect on spatial temporal variation, show differences were important among areas. Our reveals fluctuations abundance, alongside limited dispersal abilities their prey, may be responsible patterns emerged our metaweb. These findings contribute assembly rules maintain biotic metacommunities highlight importance these systems.

Язык: Английский

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Biotic filtering by species’ interactions constrains food‐web variability across spatial and abiotic gradients

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 25(5), С. 1225 - 1236

Опубликована: Март 14, 2022

Abstract Despite intensive research on species dissimilarity patterns across communities (i.e. β‐diversity), we still know little about their implications for variation in food‐web structures. Our analyses of 50 lake and 48 forest soil show that, while depends environmental spatial gradients, these effects are only weakly propagated to the networks. Moreover, our results that dissimilarities consistently correlated, but much structure spatial, environmental, gradients remains unexplained. Novel assembly models demonstrate importance biotic filtering during community by (1) availability resources (2) limiting similarity species’ interactions avoid strong niche overlap thus competitive exclusion. This reveals a signature processes local assembly, which constrains variability structural despite substantial turnover composition.

Язык: Английский

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Global and regional ecological boundaries explain abrupt spatial discontinuities in avian frugivory interactions

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2022

Abstract Species interactions can propagate disturbances across space via direct and indirect effects, potentially connecting species at a global scale. However, ecological biogeographic boundaries may mitigate this spread by demarcating the limits of networks. We tested whether large-scale (ecoregions biomes) human disturbance gradients increase dissimilarity among plant-frugivore networks, while accounting for background spatial elevational differences in network sampling. assessed patterns over broad scale, using 196 quantitative avian frugivory networks (encompassing 1496 plant 1004 bird species) distributed 67 ecoregions, 11 biomes, 6 continents. show that dissimilarities interaction composition, but not structure, are greater ecoregion biome along different levels disturbance. Our findings indicate delineate world’s biodiversity likely contribute to mitigating propagation large scales.

Язык: Английский

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Urbanization alters the spatiotemporal dynamics of plant–pollinator networks in a tropical megacity

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 26(11), С. 1951 - 1962

Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2023

Abstract Urbanization is a major driver of biodiversity change but how it interacts with spatial and temporal gradients to influence the dynamics plant–pollinator networks poorly understood, especially in tropical urbanization hotspots. Here, we analysed drivers environmental, turnover interactions (interaction β ‐diversity) along an gradient Bengaluru, South Indian megacity. The compositional differed more between seasons local intensity than distance, suggesting that seasonality environmental filtering were important dispersal limitation for explaining interaction ‐diversity. Furthermore, amplified seasonal interactions, stronger urban compared rural sites, driven by greater native non‐crop plant species (not managed people). Our study demonstrates interact shape can strongly amplify these dynamics.

Язык: Английский

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NetworkExtinction: An R package to simulate extinction propagation and rewiring potential in ecological networks

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(8), С. 1952 - 1966

Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2023

Abstract Earth's biosphere is undergoing drastic reorganization due to the sixth mass extinction brought on by Anthropocene. Impacts of local and regional extirpation species have been demonstrated propagate through complex interaction networks they are part of, leading secondary extinctions exacerbating biodiversity loss. Contemporary ecological theory has developed several measures analyse structure robustness under However, a toolbox for directly simulating quantifying cascades creating novel interactions (i.e. rewiring) remains absent. Here, we present NetworkExtinction —a R package which explore propagation sequences quantify effects rewiring potential in response primary extinctions. With , integrate computational simulations develop functionality with users may visualize networks. The core functions introduced focus sequential associated extinctions, allowing user‐specified thresholds realization potential. can estimate after performing routines based algorithms. Moreover, compare number simulated against null model random In‐built visualizations enable graphing topological indices calculated deletion sequence each simulation step. Finally, user network's degree distribution fitting different common distributions. illustrate use its outputs analysing Chilean coastal marine food web. compact easy‐to‐use changes network patterns loss, Therefore, this particularly useful evaluating ecosystem responses anthropogenic environmental perturbations that produce nonrandom sometimes targeted,

Язык: Английский

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Landscape simplification leads to loss of plant–pollinator interaction diversity and flower visitation frequency despite buffering by abundant generalist pollinators

Diversity and Distributions, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(9)

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2024

Abstract Aim Global change, especially landscape simplification, is a main driver of species loss that can alter ecological interaction networks, with potentially severe consequences to ecosystem functions. Therefore, understanding how simplification affects the rate plant–pollinator diversity (i.e., number unique interactions) compared alone, and role persisting abundant pollinators, key assess on network stability pollination services. Location France, Germany, Switzerland. Methods We analysed 24 landscape‐scale networks from standardised transect walks along gradients in three countries. rates gradient then stepwise excluded top 1%–20% most pollinators data set evaluate their effect diversity, robustness secondary species, flower visitation frequencies simplified landscapes. Results Interaction was not more vulnerable than pollinator showing similar erosion simplification. found 20% both interactions are lost an increase arable crop cover 30% 80% landscape. The decrease partially buffered by persistent generalist landscapes, which were nested subsets communities complex while plants showed high turnover across 5% also contributed against but could prevent flowers visits Main Conclusions Although landscapes stabilised robustness, frequency reduced, emphasising further ongoing land‐use change for

Язык: Английский

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Habitat loss increases seasonal interaction rewiring in plant–pollinator networks

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 36(10), С. 2673 - 2684

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2022

Abstract Understanding the flexibility of interactions and network rewiring (i.e. reassembly due to partner‐switching) is necessary comprehend how future anthropogenic changes will affect interspecific functioning communities. A higher could be expected in more disturbed landscapes because these contain fewer generalist species with homogeneous traits. We sampled pollination 20 wild Olea europaea communities along a disturbance gradient evaluate hypothesis that loss natural habitats increases seasonal (within‐year) interaction plant‐pollinator communities, influencing their functional structure. For this, we particularly tested whether frequency was negatively related extent surrounding influenced static structure networks (nestedness, specialization –H2'–), high generalization (low –d'–) abundance made them prone rewiring. show habitat increased networks. Changes were cumulative Nestedness decreased (H2') also tended decrease as increased, suggesting an indirect effect on robustness through dynamics. As expected, insect plant However, flower had different effects probability depending loss, abundant less Likely, this context‐dependent foraging behaviour pollinators, which may switch if cost searching for trait‐matching resources habitats. Our work shows role partner‐switching adapt new conditions. It highlights importance going beyond general metrics understand underlying processes community‐level assembly predict anticipate disturbances services. Read free Plain Language Summary article Journal blog.

Язык: Английский

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Removing flowers of a generalist plant changes pollinator visitation, composition, and interaction network structure

Ecosphere, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(7)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2022

Abstract Pollination is essential for ecosystem functioning, yet our understanding of the empirical consequences species loss plant–pollinator interactions remains limited. It hypothesized that abundant and generalized (well‐connected) from a pollination network will have large effect on remaining their interactions. However, to date, relatively few studies experimentally removed natural setting address this hypothesis. We investigated losing an abundant, generalist native series networks by removing flowers Helianthella quinquenervis (Asteraceae) half 10 paired plots (15 m diameter) within subalpine ecosystem. then asked how localized influenced patterns pollinator visitation, floral visitor composition, interaction structure. The experimental removal led overall decline in plot‐level visitation rates shifts composition. Species‐level responses differed between two other co‐flowering plants experiment: Potentilla pulcherrima received higher rates, whereas Erigeron speciosus did not change. Experimental altered structural properties such they were more specialized, less nested, robust further loss. Such changes structure consistently driven turnover than rewiring. Our findings suggest local well‐linked, plant can bring about diverse intact networks, including potential competitive facilitative effects individual species, may render them sensitive future change, but also numerous flexibility response

Язык: Английский

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Interaction network rewiring and species’ contributions to community-scale flexibility

PNAS Nexus, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 3(3)

Опубликована: Фев. 29, 2024

Abstract The architecture of species interaction networks is a key factor determining the stability ecological communities. However, fact that network can change through time often overlooked in discussions on community-level processes, despite its theoretical importance. By compiling time-series community dataset involving 50 spider and 974 Hexapoda prey species/strains, we quantified extent to which predator–prey could shift across points. We then developed framework for finding increase flexibility architecture. Those “network coordinator” are expected promote persistence species-rich communities by buffering perturbations Although spiders considered as generalist predators, their contributions vary greatly among species. also found detritivorous be cores rewiring, dynamically interlinking below-ground above-ground dynamics. further interactions between those coordinators differed from highlighted standard network-analytical assuming static topology. Analyses will add new dimension our understanding coexistence mechanisms provide platforms systematically prioritizing terms potential ecosystem conservation restoration.

Язык: Английский

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Networking nutrients: How nutrition determines the structure of ecological networks

Journal of Animal Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 93(8), С. 974 - 988

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2024

Nutrients can shape ecological interactions but remain poorly integrated into networks. Concepts such as nutrient-specific foraging nevertheless have the potential to expose mechanisms structuring complex systems. also present an opportunity predict dynamic processes, interaction rewiring and extinction cascades, increase accuracy of network analyses. Here, we propose concept nutritional By integrating data networks, envisage significant advances our understanding processes from individual ecosystem scales. We show that networks be constructed with illuminate how nutrients structure in natural systems through empirical example. Throughout, identify fundamental hypotheses explored a context, alongside methods for resolving those influence complexity mechanistic concepts including niche differentiation, functional responses, landscape diversity, invasions robustness. Future research on should consider when investigating drivers function.

Язык: Английский

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