Why do plants silicify?

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 38(3), С. 275 - 288

Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Advances in the Involvement of Metals and Metalloids in Plant Defense Response to External Stress

Plants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(2), С. 313 - 313

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2024

Plants, as sessile organisms, uptake nutrients from the soil. Throughout their whole life cycle, they confront various external biotic and abiotic threats, encompassing harmful element toxicity, pathogen infection, herbivore attack, posing risks to plant growth production. Plants have evolved multifaceted mechanisms cope with exogenous stress. The defense hypothesis (EDH) theory elucidates that plants employ elements within tissues withstand natural enemies. Notably, essential non-essential trace metals metalloids been identified active participants in mechanisms, especially nanoparticle form. In this review, we compiled synthetized recent advancements robust evidence regarding involvement of against stresses include stressors (such drought, salinity, heavy metal toxicity) environmental invasion attack). We discuss underlying involved enhancement physiological, biochemical, molecular perspectives. By consolidating information, review enhances our understanding how contribute defense. Drawing on current advances elemental defense, propose an application prospect agricultural products solve issues, including soil pollution production, for sustainable development agriculture. Although studies focused advanced, precise mechanism under response still needs further investigation.

Язык: Английский

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Agroecological consequences of silicon supplementation for a legume cultivation: Two-year-long field observations

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 365, С. 108893 - 108893

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2024

Supplementing plants with silicon (Si) often improves plant productivity and resilience to biotic abiotic stresses, but this is mostly reported in highly controlled experimental environments. The ecological consequences of Si supplementation, including environmental benefits potential risks, are therefore poorly understood require field-scale evaluation how supplementation affects the wider ecosystem, such as invertebrate communities soil physicochemical properties. We conducted first field assessment a legume (lucerne; Medicago sativa) agroecosystem its associated responded two levels (calcium silicate slag), over years. quantified seasonal changes abundance diversity aboveground arthropod communities, crop yield, elemental nutritional chemistry, pH well chemistry. highest rate increased bioavailable by 181% from 5.2 6.3, relative untreated plots, significant positive correlation between pH. led an increase yield up 52%; however, magnitude varied season. Foliar concentrations tended was marginally significant, potentially due dilution effect higher shoot biomass. did not affect most elements we or forage quality lucerne. recorded 13,600 arthropods; shift community structure overall functional groups. Notably, saprophytic fly family, Lauxaniidae more abundant on Si-supplemented plots compared turnover. These results indicate that agroecosystem, using by-product steel production, provides outweigh some possible detrimental impacts ecosystem (i.e. decreased abundances, toxic metal contamination reduced quality), which detect our current study. This management intervention enhances so could reduce need for conventional fertilisers changing be beneficial crops

Язык: Английский

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Leaf Size Determines Damage‐ and Herbivore‐Induced Volatile Emissions in Maize

Plant Cell & Environment, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2025

ABSTRACT Stress‐induced plant volatiles play an important role in mediating ecological interactions between plants and their environment. The timing location of the inflicted damage is known to influence quality quantity induced volatile emissions. However, how leaf characteristics herbivore feeding behaviour interact shape emissions not well understood. Using a high‐throughput profiling system with high temporal resolution, we examined mechanical on different leaves plant‐level emission patterns maize. We then tested resulting consequences two generalist herbivores ( Spodoptera exigua littoralis ), assessed whether preferences are associated enhanced performance. found maize seedlings emit more when larger damaged. Larger emitted locally, which was determining factor for higher Surprisingly, both S. preferentially consumed leaves, thus maximize without apparent growth benefits. Together, these findings provide ecophysiological behavioural mechanism patterns, potentially implications volatile‐mediated plant‐environment interactions.

Язык: Английский

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Silicon Effects Depend upon Insect Herbivore Guild and Has Limited Influence on Gall-Inducing Insects of Bauhinia brevipes

Plants, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(2), С. 250 - 250

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2025

Silicon (Si) is a widely recognized element in plant defense, often enhancing resistance to herbivory by strengthening cell walls and deterring feeding external herbivores. However, its impact on internal, endophytic herbivores, such as gall-inducing insects, remains underexplored. This study investigates the role of silicon Bauhinia brevipes, focusing effects insects. We hypothesize that while strengthens tissues reduces it may have limited effect internal feeders, Our results indicate accumulation leaves significantly chewing insects but has no direct occurrence content galled was lower compared healthy leaves, suggesting manipulate distribution mitigate defensive effects. hypersensitivity reactions were positively influenced silicon, highlighting this localized defense mechanisms. findings reveal silicon’s tissue-specific roles emphasizing need for more research nuanced interactions with herbivores implications ecological applications. contributes literature multifaceted plant–herbivore potential applications sustainable pest management.

Язык: Английский

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Silicon enhanced wheat: Effects on development, oviposition preferences and mandibular wear in Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata

Phytoparasitica, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 53(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Harnessing plant silicon defenses for biological control of herbivorous insects

Trends in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Silicon Supplementation Reinforces Maize Defence to Defeat the Oriental Armyworm

Journal of Applied Entomology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2025

ABSTRACT Maize is a critical component of global food security; however, pests like the oriental armyworm ( Mythimna separata Walker) cause significant yield losses to this crop. Conventional control approaches for managing insect rely on pesticide applications, which pose environmental risks and can lead pest resistance. Thus, necessity alternative management strategies emphasised. Silicon (Si) proposed as substitute due its ability mitigate plethora biotic abiotic stresses in plants. To evaluate effectiveness Si controlling armyworm, maize plants were treated with three concentrations (T1: 500 mg/L, T2: 750 T3: 1000 mg/L) then infested larvae. The performance was assessed by evaluating larval feeding oviposition preference, mandibular morphology, survival rates weight gain. Results showed mean rate 63% T3 compared 96% control. larvae fed leaves twice that those Si‐treated leaves. Likewise, incisor length significantly shorter (177 μm) than (447 μm). Moreover, less favourable egg laying, only 20% eggs laid them. These findings indicate supplementation enhances resistance infestation armyworm. This Si‐mediated against underscores potential sustainable chemical pesticides integrated strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Silicon-Mediated Interactions Between Plant Antagonists

Plants, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(8), С. 1204 - 1204

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2025

The prolonged arms race between plants and their antagonists has resulted in the evolution of multiple plant defence mechanisms to combat attacks by pests pathogens. Silicon (Si) accumulation occurs mainly grasses provides a physical barrier against antagonists. Biochemical pathways may also be involved Si-mediated resistance, although precise mode action this case is less clear. Most studies have focussed on Si-based effects single attackers. In review, we consider how resistance operates when simultaneously and/or sequentially attacked insect herbivores, fungal phytopathogens, parasitic nematodes hormones jasmonic acid (JA) salicylic (SA) are involved. Si mediate both intra- interspecific competition facilitation. been found impact plant-mediated interactions herbivores within same feeding guild across different guilds, with varying patterns JA SA. These results suggest that hormonal crosstalk play role effects, finding varied studies. While some reports support notion linked responses, others indicate supplementation reduces production. terms SA not defences. Improving our understanding could beneficial for sustainable agriculture under future climates.

Язык: Английский

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Short‐term exposure to silicon rapidly enhances plant resistance to herbivory

Ecology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 102(9)

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2021

Abstract Silicon (Si) can adversely affect insect herbivores, particularly in plants that evolved the ability to accumulate large quantities of Si. Very rapid herbivore‐induced accumulation Si has recently been demonstrated, but level protection against herbivory this affords remains unknown. Brachypodium distachyon , a model hyperaccumulating grass, was exposed chewing herbivore, Helicoverpa armigera, and grown under three conditions: supplied over 34 d (+Si), not (−Si), or once began (−Si → +Si). We evaluated effectiveness each treatment at reducing herbivore performance measured Si‐based defenses phenolics (another form defense often reduced by Si). Although concentrations remained lower, within 72 h exposure Si, −Si +Si were as resistant plants. Both treatments damage growth, increased mandible wear compared −Si. After 6 h, filled cell density plants, 24 reached similar densities although decreased only occurred demonstrate with short‐term rapidly antiherbivore effectively long‐term exposure.

Язык: Английский

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