International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
23(13), С. 7292 - 7292
Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2022
Differential
evolution
of
apoptosis,
programmed
necrosis,
and
autophagy,
parthanatos
is
a
form
cell
death
mediated
by
poly(ADP-ribose)
polymerase
1
(PARP1),
which
caused
DNA
damage.
PARP1
hyper-activation
stimulates
apoptosis-inducing
factor
(AIF)
nucleus
translocation,
accelerates
nicotinamide
adenine
dinucleotide
(NAD+)
adenosine
triphosphate
(ATP)
depletion,
leading
to
fragmentation.
The
mechanisms
mainly
include
damage,
hyper-activation,
PAR
accumulation,
NAD+
ATP
AIF
translocation.
Now,
it
reported
that
widely
exists
in
different
diseases
(tumors,
retinal
diseases,
neurological
diabetes,
renal
cardiovascular
ischemia-reperfusion
injury...).
Excessive
or
defective
contributes
pathological
damage;
therefore,
critical
the
therapy
prevention
many
diseases.
In
this
work,
hallmarks
molecular
its
related
disorders
are
summarized.
questions
raised
recent
findings
also
presented.
Further
understanding
will
provide
new
treatment
option
for
associated
conditions.
Frontiers in Oncology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
10
Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2020
Cancer
stem
cells
(CSC)
are
a
distinct
subpopulation
within
tumor.
They
able
to
self-renew
and
differentiate
possess
high
capability
repair
DNA
damage,
exhibit
low
levels
of
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS),
proliferate
slowly.
These
features
render
CSC
resistant
various
therapies,
including
radiation
therapy
(RT).
Eradication
as
many
possible
is
requirement
for
an
effective
antineoplastic
treatment
therefore
utmost
importance
the
patient.
This
makes
prime
targets
any
therapeutic
approach.
Albeit
clinical
data
still
scarce,
experimental
first
trials
give
hope
that
CSC-based
has
potential
improve
treatment,
especially
tumors
known
be
resistant,
such
glioblastoma.
In
this
review,
we
will
discuss
in
context
RT,
describe
mechanisms
resistance,
examine
possibilities
biomarkers,
new
approaches.
Cells,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
9(7), С. 1665 - 1665
Опубликована: Июль 10, 2020
DNA
is
the
source
of
genetic
information,
and
preserving
its
integrity
essential
in
order
to
sustain
life.
The
genome
continuously
threatened
by
different
types
lesions,
such
as
abasic
sites,
mismatches,
interstrand
crosslinks,
or
single-stranded
double-stranded
breaks.
As
a
consequence,
cells
have
evolved
specialized
damage
response
(DDR)
mechanisms
integrity.
By
orchestrating
multilayer
signaling
cascades
specific
for
type
lesion
that
occurred,
DDR
ensures
information
preserved
overtime.
In
last
decades,
repair
been
thoroughly
investigated
untangle
these
complex
networks
pathways
processes.
result,
key
factors
identified
control
coordinate
circuits
time
space.
first
part
this
review,
we
describe
critical
processes
encompassing
sensing
resolution.
second
part,
illustrate
consequences
partial
complete
failure
machinery.
Lastly,
will
report
examples
which
knowledge
has
instrumental
develop
novel
therapies
based
on
editing
technologies,
CRISPR-Cas.
Neuro-Oncology,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
20(10), С. 1300 - 1309
Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2018
Low-grade
gliomas
cause
considerable
morbidity
and
most
will
recur
after
initial
therapy.
At
recurrence,
low-grade
can
undergo
transformation
to
high-grade
(grade
III
or
grade
IV),
which
are
associated
with
worse
prognosis.
Temozolomide
(TMZ)
provides
survival
benefit
in
patients
glioblastomas,
but
its
value
is
less
clear.
A
subset
of
TMZ-treated,
isocitrate
dehydrogenase‒mutant,
astrocytomas
as
more
malignant
tumors
thousands
de
novo,
coding
mutations
bearing
a
signature
TMZ-induced
hypermutation.
Preliminary
studies
raise
the
hypothesis
that
hypermutation
may
contribute
transformation,
although
highly
variable
latency.
On
other
hand,
hypermutated
have
radically
altered
genomes
present
new
opportunities
for
therapeutic
intervention.
In
light
these
findings
immunotherapy
clinical
trials
they
inspired,
how
do
providers
approach
risks
benefits
TMZ
therapy?
This
review
discusses
what
known
about
mechanisms
consequences
outstanding
questions
regarding
significance.
Nature,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
601(7892), С. 263 - 267
Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2021
Abstract
Cancer
is
a
ubiquitous
disease
of
metazoans,
predicted
to
disproportionately
affect
larger,
long-lived
organisms
owing
their
greater
number
cell
divisions,
and
thus
increased
probability
somatic
mutations
1,2
.
While
elevated
cancer
risk
with
larger
body
size
and/or
longevity
has
been
documented
within
species
3–5
,
Peto’s
paradox
indicates
the
apparent
lack
such
an
association
among
taxa
6
Yet,
unequivocal
empirical
evidence
for
lacking,
stemming
from
difficulty
estimating
in
non-model
species.
Here
we
build
analyse
database
on
cancer-related
mortality
using
data
adult
zoo
mammals
(110,148
individuals,
191
species)
map
age-controlled
mammalian
tree
life.
We
demonstrate
universality
high
frequency
oncogenic
phenomena
reveal
substantial
differences
across
major
orders.
show
that
phylogenetic
distribution
associated
diet,
carnivorous
(especially
mammal-consuming
ones)
facing
highest
mortality.
Moreover,
provide
components
by
showing
largely
independent
both
mass
life
expectancy
These
results
highlight
key
role
life-history
evolution
shaping
resistance
advancements
quest
natural
anticancer
defences.
Cancers,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
12(6), С. 1663 - 1663
Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2020
The
poor
outcome
of
patients
with
non-surgically
removable
advanced
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC),
the
most
frequent
type
primary
liver
cancer,
is
mainly
due
to
high
refractoriness
this
aggressive
tumor
classical
chemotherapy.
Novel
pharmacological
approaches
based
on
use
inhibitors
tyrosine
kinases
(TKIs),
sorafenib
and
regorafenib,
have
provided
only
a
modest
prolongation
overall
survival
in
these
HCC
patients.
present
review
an
update
available
information
regarding
our
understanding
molecular
bases
mechanisms
chemoresistance
(MOC)
significant
impact
response
existing
tools,
which
include
chemotherapeutic
agents,
TKIs
novel
immune-sensitizing
strategies.
Many
more
than
one
hundred
genes
involved
seven
MOC
been
identified
as
potential
biomarkers
predict
failure
treatment,
well
druggable
targets
develop
strategies
aimed
at
increasing
sensitivity
treatments.
Quantum Reports,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
3(1), С. 80 - 126
Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2021
Understanding
the
rules
of
life
is
one
most
important
scientific
endeavours
and
has
revolutionised
both
biology
biotechnology.
Remarkable
advances
in
observation
techniques
allow
us
to
investigate
a
broad
range
complex
dynamic
biological
processes
which
living
systems
could
exploit
quantum
behaviour
enhance
regulate
functions.
Recent
evidence
suggests
that
these
non-trivial
mechanical
effects
may
play
crucial
role
maintaining
non-equilibrium
state
biomolecular
systems.
Quantum
study
such
aspects
In
this
review,
we
summarise
latest
progress
biology,
including
areas
enzyme-catalysed
reactions,
photosynthesis,
spin-dependent
DNA,
fluorescent
proteins,
ion
channels.
Many
results
are
expected
be
fundamental
building
blocks
towards
understanding
life.
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
78(10), С. 4615 - 4637
Опубликована: Март 10, 2021
Oligodendrocyte
precursor
cells
(OPCs)
account
for
5%
of
the
resident
parenchymal
central
nervous
system
glial
cells.
OPCs
are
not
only
a
back-up
loss
oligodendrocytes
that
occurs
due
to
brain
injury
or
inflammation-induced
demyelination
(remyelination)
but
also
pivotal
in
plastic
processes
such
as
learning
and
memory
(adaptive
myelination).
OPC
differentiation
into
mature
myelinating
is
controlled
by
complex
transcriptional
network
depends
on
high
metabolic
mitochondrial
demand.
Mounting
evidence
shows
dysfunction,
culminating
lack
differentiation,
mediates
progression
neurodegenerative
disorders
multiple
sclerosis,
Alzheimer's
disease
Parkinson's
disease.
Importantly,
neurodegeneration
characterised
oxidative
carbonyl
stress,
which
may
primarily
affect
plasticity
demand
limited
antioxidant
capacity
associated
with
this
cell
type.
The
underlying
mechanisms
how
oxidative/carbonyl
stress
disrupt
remain
enigmatic
focus
current
research
efforts.
This
review
proposes
role
interfering
changes
required
differentiation.
In
particular,
oligodendrocyte
(epi)genetics,
cellular
defence
repair
responses,
signalling
respiration,
lipid
metabolism
represent
key
hamper
disorders.
Understanding
impacts
function
pave
way
future
OPC-targeted
treatment
strategies
