Recent
research
on
the
electrocatalytic
CO2
reduction
reaction
(eCO2RR)
has
garnered
significant
attention
given
its
capability
to
address
environmental
issues
associated
with
emissions
while
harnessing
clean
energy
produce
high-value-added
products.
Compared
C1
products,
C2+
products
provide
greater
densities
and
are
highly
sought
after
as
chemical
feedstocks.
However,
formation
of
C-C
bond
is
challenging
due
competition
H-H
C-H
bonds.
Therefore,
elevate
selectivity
yield
fuels,
it
essential
develop
more
advanced
electrocatalysts
optimize
design
electrochemical
cell
configurations.
Of
materials
investigated
for
CO2RR,
Cu-based
stand
out
their
wide
availability,
affordability,
compatibility.
Moreover,
catalysts
exhibit
promising
capabilities
in
adsorption
activation,
facilitating
compounds
via
coupling.
This
review
examines
recent
both
cells
electroreduction
compounds,
introducing
core
principles
eCO2RR
pathways
involved
generating
A
key
focus
categorization
catalyst
designs,
including
defect
engineering,
surface
modification,
nanostructure
tandem
catalysis.
By
analyzing
studies
catalysts,
we
aim
elucidate
mechanisms
behind
enhanced
compounds.
Additionally,
various
types
electrolytic
discussed.
Lastly,
prospects
limitations
utilizing
highlighted
future
research.
Increasing
active
sites
in
catalysts
is
of
utmost
importance
for
catalytic
processes.
In
this
regime,
single‐atom
dispersing
on
graphitic
carbon
nitrides
(g‐C
3
N
4
)
to
produce
fine
chemicals,
such
as
hydrogen
peroxide
(H
2
O
),
current
interest
due
not
only
enhancing
performance
but
also
reducing
the
loading
necessary
metals.
Herein,
g‐C
engineered
by
atomically
aluminum
(Al)
or
indium
(In)
provide
centers
via
one‐step
thermal
shock
polymerization.
The
addition
Al
and
can
accelerate
efficacy
owing
Lewis
acid–base
interactions
between
these
metals
oxygen
(O
).
Under
conditions,
formation
oxygenic
radicals
will
strongly
be
associated
with
enhanced
H
,
confirmed
situ
electron
paramagnetic
resonance
spectroscopy.
Furthermore,
empirical
analyses
from
positron
annihilation
spectroscopy
show
that
atoms
occupy
near
positions
vacancies
(V
C
form
NV
@InO
bonds.
This
replacement
highest
energy
based
density
functional
theory
calculations,
improving
stability
atom‐dispersive
materials.
Therefore,
combination
experimental
theoretical
proofs,
study
suggests
exact
location
structures,
which
help
boost
production
.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 3, 2025
The
concept
of
critical
flux,
introduced
by
R.W.
Field,
defines
the
flux
below
which
filtration
resistance
remains
constant
over
time.
Notably,
this
concept,
originally
for
cross-flow
filtration,
faces
challenges
in
dead-end
(the
dominant
mode
used
drinking
water
ultrafiltration
(UF)).
Herein,
leveraged
regulated
membrane
biofilms,
we
proposed
a
novel
biofilm-induced
specific
to
filtration.
Below
biofilm
could
act
like
maintain
mass
balances
biodegradation
foulants,
thereby
preventing
continuous
increase
resistance.
Additionally,
demonstrated
an
optimized
strategy
improve
flux─backwashing
without
air
scouring,
doubled
from
6
12
L·m–2·h–1.
A
life
cycle
analysis
revealed
that
operating
at
can
reduce
energy
consumption
and
minimize
cleaning,
effectively
lowering
overall
costs
(52%)
carbon
emissions
(61%)
compared
conventional
UF.
Sensitivity
also
indicated
extending
reducing
were
crucial
costs,
while
minimizing
fossil
usage
was
decisive
emissions.
Overall,
our
study
demonstrates
offers
low-maintenance,
cost-effective,
environmentally
sustainable
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 27, 2025
The
growing
demand
for
high-strength,
durable
materials
capable
of
enduring
extreme
environments
presents
a
significant
challenge,
particularly
in
balancing
performance
with
sustainability.
Conventional
such
as
alloys
and
ceramics
are
nonrenewable,
expensive,
require
energy-intensive
production
processes.
Here,
super-hard
wood-based
composites
(WBC)
inspired
by
the
meso-scale
homogeneous
lignification
process
intrinsic
to
tree
growth
designed
developed.
This
hybrid
structure
is
achieved
innovatively
leveraging
infusion
low-molecular-weight
phenol
formaldehyde
resin
into
cell
walls
thin
wood
slices,
followed
unique
multi-layer
construction
high-temperature
compression.
resulting
composite
exhibits
remarkable
properties,
including
Janka
hardness
24
382
N
Brinell
40.7
HB,
along
exceptional
antipiercing
performance.
created
super-hard,
sustainable
address
limitations
nonrenewable
resources
while
providing
enhanced
protection,
structural
stability,
resilience.
WBC
approach
aligns
UN
Sustainable
Development
Goals
(SDGs)
offering
extra
values
improving
personal
safety
building
integrity
across
various
engineering
applications.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2024
Abstract
Urea
oxidation
reaction
(UOR)
is
an
ideal
alternative
to
oxygen
evolution
(OER)
for
efficient
hydrogen
production
but
immensely
plagued
by
slow
kinetics.
Herein,
a
multilayer
hole
amorphous
boron‐nickel
catalyst
(a‐NiB
x
)
fabricated
through
simple
chemical
plating
method,
which
displays
intriguing
catalytic
activity
toward
UOR,
demanding
low
working
potential
of
1.4
V
reach
100
mA
cm
−2
.
The
high
performance
credited
the
formation
metaborate
(BO
2
−
),
can
promote
high‐oxidation‐state
NiOOH
active
phase
and
optimize
adsorption
urea
molecules.
This
be
confirmed
operando
spectroscopy
characteristics
density
functional
theory
calculations.
Consequently,
assembled
electrolyzer
utilizing
NiB
as
bifunctional
catalysts
exhibited
splendid
activity,
requiring
evidently
lower
voltage
1.66
current
1.57
when
using
Pt/C
cathode
catalyst.
Moreover,
secured
robust
stability
over
200
h,
well
four
times
higher
rate
than
traditional
water
electrolysis.
