Effects of scent lure on camera trap detections vary across mammalian predator and prey species

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 15(5), С. e0229055 - e0229055

Опубликована: Май 12, 2020

Camera traps are a unique survey tool used to monitor wide variety of mammal species. trap (CT) data can be estimate animal distribution, density, and behaviour. Attractants, such as scent lures, often in an effort increase CT detections; however, the degree which effects attractants vary across species is not well understood. We investigated lure on detections by comparing detection rates between 404 lured 440 unlured stations sampled Alberta, Canada over 120 day periods February August 2015 2016. zero-inflated negative binomial generalized linear mixed models test effect for a) all mammals, b) six functional groups (all predator species, prey, large carnivores, small ungulates), c) four varied management interest (fisher, Pekania pennanti; gray wolf, Canis lupus; moose, Alces alces; Richardson's ground squirrel; Urocitellus richardsonii). Mammals were detected at 800 844 CTs, with nearly equal numbers total CTs (7110) without (7530) lure, variable individual Scent significantly increased predators group, including carnivore sub-groups fisher specifically, but wolf. There was no prey ungulate moose squirrel specifically. recommend that researchers explicitly consider when designing, interpreting, or multi-species surveys. Additional research needed further quantify variation responses lures other attractants, elucidate community-level inferences from camera

Язык: Английский

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Evaluating the Mechanisms of Landscape Change on White‐Tailed Deer Populations

Journal of Wildlife Management, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 85(2), С. 340 - 353

Опубликована: Ноя. 24, 2020

ABSTRACT Understanding how landscape change influences the distribution and densities of species, consequences these changes, is a central question in modern ecology. The white‐tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) expanding across North America, some areas, this pattern has led to an increase predators consequently higher predation rates on woodland caribou Rangifer tarandus )—an alternate prey species that declining western Canada. factors influencing therefore become important for effective conservation Changing climate anthropogenic alteration are hypothesized facilitate expansion. Yet, habitat spatiotemporally correlated, making difficult isolate. Our study evaluates relative effects snow conditions human‐modified (habitat alteration) space presence density. We modeled response depth large latitudinal gradient (49° 60°) Alberta, Canada, using motion‐sensitive camera data collected winter spring from 2015 2019. Deer were best explained by models including both alteration. Sites with shallower had regardless latitude. Increased increased northern portion area only. Winter density was only, whereas previous winter's depth. results suggest limiting future or restoring can alter distribution, thereby potentially slowing reversing expansion, but plays significant role beyond what managers influence. © 2020 Wildlife Society.

Язык: Английский

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Influences of landscape change and winter severity on invasive ungulate persistence in the Nearctic boreal forest

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Май 26, 2020

Abstract Climate and landscape change are drivers of species range shifts biodiversity loss; understanding how they facilitate sustain invasions has been empirically challenging. Winter severity is decreasing with climate a predicted mechanism contemporary future shifts. For example, white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) expansion continental phenomenon across the Nearctic ecological consequences for entire biotic communities. We capitalized on recent temporal variation in winter to examine spatial dynamics invasive distribution boreal forest. hypothesized would decrease severe winters reflecting historical constraints, remain more static moderate climate. Further, we that regardless severity, persist be best explained by early seral forage subsidies from extensive via resource extraction. applied dynamic occupancy models time, space, data 62 camera traps sampled over 3 years northeastern Alberta, Canada. Deer shrank markedly but rebounded each spring severity. was anthropogenic features assumed provide vegetation subsidy, accounting natural landcover. conclude northern forest influenced both space through latter expected further change. contend combined influence these two likely pervasive many species, changing resources offsetting or augmenting physiological limitations.

Язык: Английский

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Crisis conservation and green extraction: biodiversity offsets as spaces of double exception

Journal of Political Ecology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 28(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2021

Extraction and conservation seem to be polar opposites, yet they entertain multiple relations as the 'greening' of extractive activities mobilizes efforts address 'extinction crisis.' Drawing on a review literature two case studies, this article discusses politics affinity enmity shaping extraction-conservation nexus, partnerships. As crisis green extraction receive increased attention, suggests that convergence is not only pragmatic, but also reflects shared discursive imaginaries valuations nature, practices materialized through spaces 'double exception', common directed at local communities legitimize exclusionary rather than solve capitalism's contradictions.

Язык: Английский

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Human impacts on mammals in and around a protected area before, during, and after COVID‐19 lockdowns

Conservation Science and Practice, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 4(7)

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2022

The dual mandate for many protected areas (PAs) to simultaneously promote recreation and conserve biodiversity may be hampered by negative effects of on wildlife. However, reports these are not consistent, presenting a knowledge gap that hinders evidence-based decision-making. We used camera traps monitor human activity terrestrial mammals in Golden Ears Provincial Park the adjacent University British Columbia Malcolm Knapp Research Forest near Vancouver, Canada, with objective discerning relative various forms cougars (

Язык: Английский

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The importance of considering multiple interacting species for conservation of species at risk

Conservation Biology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 33(3), С. 709 - 715

Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2018

Conservation of species at risk extinction is complex and multifaceted. However, mitigation strategies are typically narrow in scope, an artifact conservation research that often limited to a single or stressor. Knowledge entire community strongly interacting would greatly enhance the comprehensiveness effectiveness decisions. We investigated how camera trapping spatial count models, extension spatial-recapture models for unmarked populations, can accomplish this through case study threatened boreal woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou). Population declines precipitous well documented, but recovery focus heavily on control wolves (Canis lupus) pay less attention other known predators apparent competitors. Obtaining necessary data multispecies densities has been difficult. used concurrently estimate caribou, their (wolf, black bear [Ursus americanus], coyote [Canis latrans]), alternative prey (moose [Alces alces] white-tailed deer [Odocoileus virginianus]) from camera-trap array highly disturbed landscape within northern Alberta's Oil Sands Region. Median were 0.22 caribous (95% Bayesian credible interval [BCI] = 0.08-0.65), 0.77 BCI 0.26-2.67), 2.39 moose 0.56-7.00), 2.64 coyotes 0.45-6.68), 3.63 bears 1.25-8.52) per 100 km2 . (The model did not converge.) Although wolf higher than recommended conservation, we suggest markedly may be greater concern, especially if government further releases these species. Caribou with singular leave vulnerable predators. recommend broader when conserving species.Importancia de Considerar Múltiples Especies que Interactúan para la Conservación en Riesgo Resumen La conservación las especies riesgo extinción es compleja y multifacética. Sin embargo, estrategias mitigación con frecuencia son estrechas cuanto su enfoque, un artefacto investigación comúnmente se limita una sola especie o solo estresante. El conocimiento sobre toda comunidad fuertes interacciones mejoraría enormemente efectividad amplitud decisiones conservación. Investigamos cómo cámaras trampa los modelos conteo espacial, extensión recaptura espacial poblaciones sin marcaje, pueden lograr esto por medio estudio caso del caribú bosques boreales caribou), peligro extinción. Las declinaciones poblacionales abruptas están bien documentadas, aunque recuperación enfocan el población lobos le prestan menos atención otros depredadores conocidos posibles competidores. Obtener datos necesarios densidad múltiples ha sido complicado. Usamos estimar simultáneamente caribúes, sus (lobos, osos negros americanus] presas alternativas (alces venados cola blanca partir despliegue paisaje altamente perturbado dentro región norte Alberta, Canadá. media fue caribúes bayesiano CI alces (el modelo venado no convergió). Aunque mayor recomendada creemos marcadamente más alta, lo deberían ser preocupación, especialmente si controles gubernamentales continúan liberándolos. enfoque único puede dejar vulnerables antes depredadores. Recomendamos amplio interactúan cuando busca conservar especie.濒危物种的保护是复杂而多方面的。然而, 减缓物种濒危的策略一般范围较窄, 是保护研究中局限于单一的物种或压力来源的假象。而对整个群落中有强相互作用的物种的认识将大大提高保护决策的综合性和有效性。通过受胁迫的北美林地驯鹿 caribou) 的案例研究, 我们分析了红外相机捕获和空间计数模型 (对未标记种群的空间重捕获模型的扩展) 如何来实现这一点。北美驯鹿种群下降的形势很严峻, 这已被很好地研究证明, 但其恢复策略主要注重对灰狼 的控制, 而很少关注它的一些已经确定的捕食者和竞争者。要获取多物种密度数据一直十分困难。我们用阿尔伯塔 (Alberta) 北部油砂地区一个受到高度干扰的景观中的红外相机阵列所捕获的数据, 采用空间计数模型同时估计了北美驯鹿及其捕食者 (灰狼、黑熊 Ursus americanus. 郊狼 Canis latrans) 和替代猎物 (驼鹿 Alces alces. 白尾鹿 Odocoileus virginianus) 的密度。这些物种的平均密度为每100 平方公里 只北美驯鹿 贝叶斯置信区间 (BCI) 为 0.77只灰狼 2.39只驼鹿 2.64只郊狼 0.45-6.68) 及 只黑熊 BCI为 。其中, 白尾鹿的模型不收敛。尽管灰狼密度比北美驯鹿的保护建议中的密度高, 但我们建议密度明显更高的黑熊和郊狼可能更值得我们关注, 特别是如果政府的灰狼控制项目还要进一步释放这些物种的话。北美驯鹿保护若只关注灰狼的控制, 可能会使驯鹿更易受到其它捕食者影响。因此, 我们建议开展物种保护应更广泛地关注群落中相互作用的物种。【翻译: 胡怡思; 审校: 聂永刚】.

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Simultaneous monitoring of vegetation dynamics and wildlife activity with camera traps to assess habitat change

Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 7(4), С. 666 - 684

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2021

Abstract Vegetation phenology and productivity drive resource use by wildlife. dynamics also reveal patterns of habitat disturbance recovery. Monitoring these fine‐scale vegetation over large spatiotemporal extents can be difficult, but camera traps (CTs) commonly used to survey wildlife populations collect data on local conditions. We CTs (n = 73) from 2016 2019 assess impacts change in a boreal landscape northern Canada, where seismic lines for petroleum exploration disturbed prompted restoration efforts. First, we quantified CTs, comparing them satellite‐based estimates that are typically monitor at broad spatial scales. then understory estimated CT time‐lapse images recovery lines. Finally, related with the three species: sandhill cranes Grus canadensis , woodland caribou Rangifer tarandus white‐tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus . provided unique insight into were different signals measured satellites, temporally inconsistent even some negative correlations between satellite metrics. found indication had received treatment, more similar undisturbed than did not receive treatment. inferences about activity resources, which approaches using failed detect. Wildlife tracked phenology, always increase weekly, 16‐day, or annual intervals. Instead, associations depended species, temporal scale, Given widespread growing terrestrial wildlife, recommend their simultaneously conditions better understand mechanisms govern changing environments.

Язык: Английский

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Evaluating the impact of caribou habitat restoration on predator and prey movement

Conservation Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 37(2)

Опубликована: Сен. 13, 2022

Fragmentation of the boreal forest by linear features, including seismic lines, has destabilized predator-prey dynamics, resulting in decline woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) populations. Restoration human-altered habitat therefore been identified as a critical management tool for achieving self-sustaining However, only recently testing response and other wildlife to restoration activities conducted. Early work centered around assessing changes use restored lines. We evaluated whether reduces movement rates predators their associated prey, which is expected decrease predator hunting efficiency ultimately reduce mortality. developed new method using cameras measure fine-scale measuring speed animals traveled between an array. used our quantify caribou, moose (Alces alces), bears (Ursus americanus), wolves (Canis lupus) on treated (restored) untreated treatments reduced travel speeds along lines 1.38 km/h, 0.55 1.57 but did not speeds. Reduced are predicted encounter thus lower kill rates. further needed determine result with mortality.La fragmentación del bosque causado por los accidentes lineales, incluyendo las líneas sísmicas, ha desestabilizado dinámicas depredador-presa, lo que resulta en la declinación de poblaciones caribú caribou). Por esto, restauración hábitat con alteraciones antropogénicas sido identificada como una herramienta fundamental gestión para obtener autosuficientes esta especie. Sin embargo, no es hasta hace poco se analizado respuesta y otras especies actividades restauración; primeros trabajos centraban analizar cambios el uso les daban sísmicas restauradas. Evaluamos si tasas movimiento depredadores sus presas asociadas, cuales esperan disminuyan eficiencia caza último reduzcan mortalidad caribú. Desarrollamos un nuevo método usar cámaras medir detallado mediante medición velocidad animales trasladan largo serie cámaras. Usamos nuestro cuantificar caribú, alces osos americanus) lobos tratadas (restauradas) tratadas. Los tratamientos redujeron (reducción km/hora), (0.55 km/hora) (1.57 pero afectaron alces. Se pronostica reducción sobre disminuye proporción encuentros entre y, tanto, muertes necesita análisis más profundo determinar tasa reducida si, último, esto caribú.包括地震测线在内的线性特征对北方森林的破碎化破坏了捕食者-猎物动态的稳定性, 导致北美驯鹿(Rangifer caribou)种群的减少。因此, 恢复人为改变的栖息地已被认为是实现北美驯鹿种群自我维持的关键管理工具。然而, 直到最近才有研究测试了驯鹿及其他野生动物对恢复活动的响应;早期的工作主要是评估野生动物对恢复的地震测线的使用变化。本研究评估了恢复活动是否降低了捕食者及其猎物的移动速度, 这预计会降低捕食者的捕食效率, 并最终降低驯鹿的死亡率。我们开发了一种新的方法, 通过计算动物在红外相机阵列中的移动速度, 来用相机测量精细尺度的运动。我们用该方法量化了驯鹿、驼鹿(Alces alces)、美洲黑熊(Ursus americanus)和狼(Canis lupus)在处理(恢复)和未处理的地震测线上的速度。恢复处理使狼沿地震测线的移动速度降低了1.38千米/时, 熊降低了0.55千米/时, 驯鹿降低了1.57千米/时, 但没有降低驼鹿的移动速度。预计在恢复处理的地震测线上降低捕食者和驯鹿的速度会减少捕食者和驯鹿之间的相遇概率, 从而降低驯鹿的死亡率。然而, 还需要进一步的工作来确定降低移动速率是否会降低与猎物相遇概率, 并最终降低驯鹿的死亡率。【翻译:胡怡思;审校:聂永刚】.

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Predator control alters wolf interactions with prey and competitor species over the diel cycle

Oikos, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 2022(8)

Опубликована: Май 13, 2022

Predator control remains one of the most common strategies for conservation threatened prey species. Despite significant and ongoing efforts to reduce predator populations, little is known about impacts on behaviour interactions target non‐target species following numerical potentially behavioural suppression predators. We used camera‐trap data collected before after an intensive wolf program in northeastern Alberta's boreal forest evaluate changes activity patterns overlap wolves, competitors prey. hypothesized wolves would shift their toward increased nocturnality avoid diurnal efforts, thereby cause a cascade where other maintain temporal segregation from wolves. Wolves shifted into nighttime control, reducing with other, mostly diurnal, members community. Decreases between indicates reduced potential ungulate large competitor may therefore not only release top down regulation competition predators, but also through de‐coupling overlap, effects interactions. Understanding indirect such as both provides insight disruptions top–down associated that shape community structure.

Язык: Английский

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Response of moose to forest harvest and management: a literature review

Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 54(4), С. 366 - 388

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2023

Moose are an iconic symbol of northern forests. In many jurisdictions, the management moose has focused on regulating harvest with less emphasis understanding moose–habitat relationships. We reviewed literature and summarised effects forest ecology moose. Greater than 50 years scientific studies document both positive negative associated activities such as silviculture road building. require spatially adjacent patches younger plant communities for forage older forests thermal security cover. Extensive rapid can result in prevalence young a corresponding reduction fitness populations. A warming climate likely will exacerbate broad-scale removal Resource roads create edge habitat that may serve forage, but those features increased hunting collisions vehicles facilitate movement predators. Post-harvest silviculture, including application herbicides, stand conditions provide very little or low-quality forage. The ecological societal benefits dependent provides mix old forest, employs retains adequate cover plants, minimises development roads.

Язык: Английский

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