Supporting Bees in Cities: How Bees Are Influenced by Local and Landscape Features

Insects, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(2), С. 128 - 128

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2021

Urbanization is a major anthropogenic driver of decline for ecologically and economically important taxa including bees. Despite their generally negative impact on pollinators, cities can display surprising degree biodiversity compared to other landscapes. The pollinating communities found within these environments, however, tend be filtered by interacting local landscape features that comprise the urban matrix. Landscape exert variable influence pollinators across taxa, which ultimately affects community composition in such way contributes functional trait homogenization reduced phylogenetic diversity. Although previous results are not easily generalizable, bees displaying characteristics as polylectic diet, cavity-nesting behavior, later emergence appear most abundant different examined cities. To preserve particularly vulnerable species, notably specialists have become underrepresented city communities, green spaces like parks gardens been potential refuges. Such scattered matrix vary pollinator resource availability. Therefore, ensuring optimized imperative. This review examines how affect addition ways manipulated promote greater abundance

Язык: Английский

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Impact of Biotic and Abiotic Stressors on Managed and Feral Bees

Insects, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10(8), С. 233 - 233

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2019

Large-scale declines in bee abundance and species richness over the last decade have sounded an alarm, given crucial pollination services that bees provide. Population dips specifically been noted for both managed feral species. The simultaneous increased cultivation of bee-dependent agricultural crops has rise to additional concern. As a result, there surge scientific research investigating potential stressors impacting bees. A group environmental anthropogenic negatively isolated. Habitat destruction diminished availability floral resources nest habitats, while massive monoculture plantings limited access variety pollens nectars. rapid spread resistance buildup various parasites, pathogens, pests current control methods are implicated deteriorating health. Similarly, many pesticides widely applied on within beehives toxic global distribution honey colonies (including queens with attendant bees) bumble from crop events linked pathogen stress competition native resources. Climatic alterations disrupted synchronous emergence flower blooming reduced diverse resources, leading physiological adaptations. Interactions amongst multiple created colossal maladies hitting at one time, some cases delivering additive impacts. Initiatives including development wild assessment pesticide toxicity undertaken efforts ameliorate declines. In this review, recent findings regarding impact these strategies mitigating them discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Functional ecology of wild bees in cities: towards a better understanding of trait-urbanization relationships

Biodiversity and Conservation, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 29(9-10), С. 2779 - 2801

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2020

Abstract A functional ecological understanding of urban wild bee communities is growing importance especially in regard to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem service maintenance and effective conservation programmes. In this paper, we review summarize the published literature aiming inform future research investigations field ecology. Specifically, we: (1) which trait-based analyses have been carried out on bees cities thus far; (2) species traits considered; (3) evaluate any consistent trait–environment relationships (i.e. urbanization) across studies; (4) synthesize findings limitations recommendations. We reviewed 48 studies based a systematic Web Knowledge search. found trait characteristics for ‘nesting type’, ‘diet’, ‘body size’, ‘sociality’ ‘phenology’ studies. More than one third were descriptive majority located gardens temperate Europe North America, calling more from underrepresented geographic regions entire spectrum habitat types. Of these studies, only five analyzed diversity indices three applied statistics relate urbanization factors. Future should consider statistics, could incorporate networks examine network shifts gradients. Our suggests that lack generalizable information about yet, making recommendations challenging. Therefore, propose considers methodological develop comparable comprehensive how affects ecology link with specific measures.

Язык: Английский

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Human dimensions of insect pollinator conservation

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 38, С. 107 - 114

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Wild bees in urban grasslands: Urbanisation, functional diversity and species traits

Landscape and Urban Planning, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 196, С. 103731 - 103731

Опубликована: Дек. 26, 2019

Язык: Английский

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The managed-to-invasive species continuum in social and solitary bees and impacts on native bee conservation

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 46, С. 43 - 49

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2021

Язык: Английский

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City climate and landscape structure shape pollinators, nectar and transported pollen along a gradient of urbanization

Journal of Applied Ecology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 59(6), С. 1586 - 1595

Опубликована: Май 2, 2022

Abstract Urbanization gradients influence both landscape and climate provide opportunity for understanding how plants pollinators respond to artificially driven environmental transitions, a relevant aspect the ecosystem service of pollination. Here, we investigated several aspects pollination along an urbanization gradient in climate. We quantified wild hoverfly bee abundances with trapping, standing crop nectar spectrophotometer, pollen transported by flower visitors DNA metabarcoding, 40 independent sites from semi‐natural built‐up areas Northern Italy. Direct indirect effects were fitted considering variables. Linear nonlinear relationships detected gradient. Pollinator increased quadratically peaked at 22% impervious cover 81% growth, they decreased green‐patch distance 37% urban park largeness 60%. This indicates that are more abundant intermediate levels urbanization. Climatically, diminished up 46% low spring–summer temperature seasonality: likely posing thermic stress. Furthermore, sugar mass available 61% 79% precipitations, indicating city nectars less consumed or flowers productive. species richness 32% highly urbanized areas, contained high incidence exotic plants, hinting anthropized, simplified plant communities. Synthesis applications . influences pollinator abundances, resources direct ways. Pollinators negatively affected thermally harsh isolated green large parks. Suburban landscapes demonstrated highest presence. In core, nectary association while collected small number mainly exotic. These findings highlight strong on showing cities heterogenous realities. Patterns this study will serve as basis pollinator‐friendly planning, mitigation management landscapes.

Язык: Английский

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Conserving urban biodiversity: Current practice, barriers, and enablers

Conservation Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(3)

Опубликована: Март 14, 2023

Abstract Urban biodiversity conservation is critical if cities are to tackle the biodiversity‐extinction crisis and connect people with nature. However, little attention has been paid how urban environmental managers navigate complex socio‐ecological contexts conserve in cities. We interviewed from Australian identify (1) breadth of actions undertaken (2) barriers enablers action. found current practice be more diverse, innovative, proactive than previously described (318 across nine categories). Conversely, priority identified by literature yet “mainstream” (e.g., designing for human–nature connection, securing space nature cities). Further, we a suite levers overcome barriers. Our research provides scientists practitioners an understanding multiple facets emphasizes importance interdisciplinary approaches future practice.

Язык: Английский

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Beyond the Decline of Wild Bees: Optimizing Conservation Measures and Bringing Together the Actors

Insects, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(9), С. 649 - 649

Опубликована: Сен. 22, 2020

Wild bees are facing a global decline mostly induced by numerous human factors for the last decades. In parallel, public interest their conservation increased considerably, namely through scientific studies relayed in media. spite of this broad interest, lack knowledge and understanding subject is blatant reveals gap between awareness understanding. While extensively studied, information on measures often scattered literature. We now beyond precautionary principle experts calling effective actions to promote wild bee diversity enhancement environment quality. review, we draw general up-to-date assessment methods, as well efficiency current projects that try fill gaps optimize measures. Targeting bees, focused our attention (i) protection restoration habitats, (ii) anthropogenic (iii) implementation made tools, (iv) how deal with invasive alien species, finally (v) communicate efficiently accurately. This review can be considered needed catalyst implement concrete qualitative conversation bees.

Язык: Английский

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A large-scale dataset reveals taxonomic and functional specificities of wild bee communities in urban habitats of Western Europe

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2022

Abstract Wild bees are declining, mainly due to the expansion of urban habitats that have led land-use changes. Effects urbanization on wild bee communities still unclear, as shown by contrasting reports their species and functional diversities in habitats. To address this current controversy, we built a large dataset, merging 16 surveys carried out 3 countries Western Europe during past decades, tested whether influences local taxonomic community composition. These encompassed range levels, were quantified using two complementary metrics: proportion impervious surfaces human population density. Urban expansion, when measured surfaces, but not density, was significantly negatively correlated with richness. Taxonomic dissimilarity independent both metrics. However, occurrence rates traits revealed significant differences between lightly highly urbanized communities, for With higher probabilities above-ground nesters, generalist small increased. soil sealing, generalists social increased well. Overall, these results, based European suggest can negative impacts diversity. They further identify some favored environments, showing several thrive cities.

Язык: Английский

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