Tracking of marine predators to protect Southern Ocean ecosystems

Nature, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 580(7801), С. 87 - 92

Опубликована: Март 18, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Animal-Borne Telemetry: An Integral Component of the Ocean Observing Toolkit

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 6

Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2019

Animal telemetry is a powerful tool for observing marine animals and the physical environments that they inhabit, from coastal continental shelf ecosystems to polar seas open oceans. Satellite-linked biologgers networks of acoustic receivers allow be reliably monitored over scales tens meters thousands kilometres, giving insight into their habitat use, home range size, phenology migratory patterns biotic abiotic factors drive distributions. Furthermore, environmental variables can collected using as autonomous sampling platforms, increasing spatial temporal coverage global oceanographic observation systems. The use animal therefore has capacity provide measures suite essential ocean (EOVs) improved monitoring Earth's Here we outline design features systems, describe current applications benefits challenges, discuss future directions. We new analytical techniques improve our ability not only quantify movements but also framework comparative studies across taxa. application its collect data, how data incorporated role these play in management.

Язык: Английский

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Climate change disrupts core habitats of marine species

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(12), С. 3304 - 3317

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2023

Driven by climate change, marine biodiversity is undergoing a phase of rapid change that has proven to be even faster than changes observed in terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding how these species composition will affect future life crucial for conservation management, especially due increasing demands natural resources. Here, we analyse predictions multiparameter habitat suitability model covering the global projected ranges >33,500 from projections under three CO2 emission scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5) up year 2100. Our results show core area decline many species, resulting net loss 50% almost half all 2100 high-emission scenario RCP8.5. As an additional consequence continuing distributional reorganization life, gaps around equator appear 8% (RCP2.6), 24% (RCP4.5), and 88% (RCP8.5) with cross-equatorial ranges. For more continuous disrupted, thus reducing effective population size. In addition, high invasion rates higher latitudes polar regions lead substantial ecosystem food web structure, particularly regarding introduction new predators. Overall, our study highlights degree spatial structural ensued consequences functionality efforts critically depend on realized greenhouse gas pathway.

Язык: Английский

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Domestic Animals as Potential Reservoirs of Zoonotic Viral Diseases

Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(1), С. 33 - 55

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2023

Zoonoses are diseases and infections naturally transmitted between humans vertebrate animals. Over the years, zoonoses have become increasingly significant threats to global health. They form dominant group of among emerging infectious (EID) currently account for 73% EID. Approximately 25% originate in domestic The etiological agents include different pathogens, with viruses accounting approximately 30% all zoonotic infections. Zoonotic can be directly or indirectly, by contact, via aerosols, through a vector, vertically utero. found every continent except Antarctica. Numerous factors associated pathogen, human activities, environment play roles transmission emergence diseases. Effective response control call multiple-sector involvement collaboration according One Health concept.

Язык: Английский

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New Technologies for Monitoring and Upscaling Marine Ecosystem Restoration in Deep-Sea Environments

Engineering, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 34, С. 195 - 211

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2024

The United Nations (UN)'s call for a decade of "ecosystem restoration" was prompted by the need to address extensive impact anthropogenic activities on natural ecosystems. Marine ecosystem restoration is increasingly necessary due increasing habitat loss in deep waters (> 200 m depth). At these depths, which are far beyond those accessible divers, only established and emerging robotic platforms such as remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), autonomous underwater (AUVs), landers, crawlers can operate through manipulators their multiparametric sensor technologies (e.g., optoacoustic imaging, omics, environmental probes). use advanced deep-sea provide: ① high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging acoustic mapping substrates key taxa; ② physical manipulation ③ real-time supervision remote operations long-term ecological monitoring; ④ potential work autonomously. Here, we describe how with situ capabilities payloads innovative sensors could autonomously conduct active monitoring across large spatial scales. We expect that devices will be particularly useful habitats, reef-building cold-water corals, soft-bottom bamboo fishery resources have already been damaged offshore industries (i.e., fishing oil/gas).

Язык: Английский

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Marine Ecosystem Assessment for the Southern Ocean: Birds and Marine Mammals in a Changing Climate

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2020

The massive number of seabirds (penguins and procellariiformes) marine mammals (cetaceans pinnipeds) - referred to here as top predators is one the most iconic components Antarctic Southern Ocean. They play an important role highly mobile consumers, structuring connecting pelagic food webs are widely studied relative other taxa. Many birds establish dense breeding colonies or use haul-out sites, making them relatively easy study. Cetaceans, however, spend their lives at sea thus aspects life cycle more complicated monitor Nevertheless, they all feed reproductive success depends on availability in environment, hence considered useful indicators state resources. In general, have large body sizes that allow for instrumentation with miniature data-recording transmitting devices activities sea. Development scientific techniques study reproduction foraging has led substantial literature population trends, key biological parameters, migratory patterns, feeding ecology, linkages atmospheric oceanographic dynamics, a species regions. We briefly summarize vast Ocean predators, focusing recent syntheses. also provide overview current emerging pressures faced by these animals result both natural human causes. recognize overarching impact environmental changes driven climate change ecology species. evaluate direct indirect interactions between factors such disease, pollution, land disturbance increasing pressure from global fisheries Where possible we consider data assessing status trends each components, capacity resilience recovery, effectiveness management responses, risk likelihood impacts future outlook.

Язык: Английский

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Big Data and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) at a Glance

Big Data and Cognitive Computing, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 5(3), С. 28 - 28

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2021

The launch of the United Nations (UN) 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015 was a historic event, uniting countries around world shared agenda sustainable development with more balanced relationship between human beings and planet. SDGs affect or impact almost all aspects life, as indeed does technological revolution, empowered by Big Data their related technologies. It is inevitable that these two significant domains integration will play central roles achieving 2030 Agenda. This research aims to provide comprehensive overview how are currently interacting, illustrating on context each UN SDGs.

Язык: Английский

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Seventy years of tunas, billfishes, and sharks as sentinels of global ocean health

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 378(6620)

Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2022

Fishing activity is closely monitored to an increasing degree, but its effects on biodiversity have not received such attention. Using iconic and well-studied fish species as tunas, billfishes, sharks, we calculate a continuous Red List Index of yearly changes in extinction risk over 70 years track progress toward global sustainability targets. We show that this well-established indicator highly sensitive responsive fishing mortality. After ~58 extinction, effective fisheries management has shifted the loss curve for tunas whereas continues worsen which are undermanaged. While populations valuable commercial being rebuilt, next challenge halt reverse harm afflicted by these same broad oceanic biodiversity.

Язык: Английский

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A review of climate change effects on marine mammals in United States waters: Past predictions, observed impacts, current research and conservation imperatives

Climate Change Ecology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 3, С. 100054 - 100054

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2022

We consider the current evidence of climate change effects on marine mammals that occur in U.S. waters relative to past predictions. Compelling cases such have been documented, though few studies confirmed population-level impacts abundance or vital rates. While many observed had predicted, some unforeseen and relatively acute consequences also documented. Effects often when climate-induced alterations are superimposed upon mammals' ecological (e.g., predator-prey) relationships coincident human activities. As they were unanticipated, unpredicted strained ability existing conservation management systems respond effectively. The literature is replete with suggestive mammals, but which remain unconfirmed. This uncertainty partially explained by insufficient research monitoring designed reveal connections. Detecting mitigating will require realignment priorities, coupled rapid flexible includes both conventional novel interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Animal Borne Ocean Sensors – AniBOS – An Essential Component of the Global Ocean Observing System

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8

Опубликована: Ноя. 5, 2021

Marine animals equipped with biological and physical electronic sensors have produced long-term data streams on key marine environmental variables, hydrography, animal behavior ecology. These are an essential component of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). The Animal Borne Sensors (AniBOS) network aims to coordinate collection delivery streams, providing a complementary capability other GOOS networks that monitor Essential Variables (EOVs), climate variables (ECVs) biodiversity (EBVs). AniBOS augments observations temperature salinity within upper ocean, in areas under-sampled, information is urgently needed for improved understanding ocean variability forecasting. Additionally, measurements chlorophyll fluorescence dissolved oxygen concentrations emerging. provides used widely across research, modeling operational oceanographic communities. High latitude, shallow coastal shelves tropical seas historically been sampled poorly traditional observing platforms many reasons including sea ice presence, limited satellite coverage logistical costs. Animal-borne helping fill gap by collecting transmitting near real time average 500 temperature-salinity-depth profiles per annually and, when instruments recovered (∼30% deployed annually, n = 103 ± 34), up 1,000 month these regions. Increased from under-sampled regions greatly improve accuracy confidence estimates state studies delivering refine prediction at regional global scales. Observations Coordination Group (OCG) reviews, advises coordinates activities strengthen effective implementation system. was formally recognized 2020 as network. This improves our ability observe ocean’s structure live them more comprehensively, concomitantly improving processes societal benefit consistent UN Sustainability Goals 13 14: Climate Life below Water. Working OCG framework ensures integrated System.

Язык: Английский

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