Climate‐change refugia: biodiversity in the slow lane

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 18(5), С. 228 - 234

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2020

Climate‐change adaptation focuses on conducting and translating research to minimize the dire impacts of anthropogenic climate change, including threats biodiversity human welfare. One strategy is focus conservation climate‐change refugia (that is, areas relatively buffered from contemporary change over time that enable persistence valued physical, ecological, sociocultural resources). In this Special Issue, recent methodological conceptual advances in science will be highlighted. Advances emerging subdiscipline are improving scientific understanding face by considering scale ecosystem dynamics, looking beyond exposure sensitivity adaptive capacity. We propose context a multifaceted, long‐term, network‐based approach, as temporal spatial gradients ecological can act “slow lanes” rather than stasis. After years discussion confined primarily literature, researchers resource managers now working together put into practice.

Язык: Английский

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Increasing fire and the decline of fire adapted black spruce in the boreal forest

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 118(45)

Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2021

Significance Black spruce is the dominant tree species in boreal North America and has shaped forest flammability, carbon storage, other landscape processes over last several thousand years. However, climate warming increases wildfire activity may be undermining its ability to maintain dominance, shifting forests toward alternative forested nonforested states. Using data from across America, we evaluate whether loss of black resilience already widespread. Resilience was most common outcome, but drier climatic conditions more severe fires consistently undermine resilience, often resulting complete regeneration failure. Although are currently moderately resilient, ongoing drying alter this trajectory, with large potential consequences for functioning globally important biome.

Язык: Английский

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Even modest climate change may lead to major transitions in boreal forests

Nature, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 608(7923), С. 540 - 545

Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Lake and drained lake basin systems in lowland permafrost regions

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 3(1), С. 85 - 98

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms and Impacts of Earth System Tipping Elements

Reviews of Geophysics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 61(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2023

Abstract Tipping elements are components of the Earth system which may respond nonlinearly to anthropogenic climate change by transitioning toward substantially different long‐term states upon passing key thresholds or “tipping points.” In some cases, such changes could produce additional greenhouse gas emissions radiative forcing that compound global warming. Improved understanding tipping is important for predicting future risks and their impacts. Here we review mechanisms, predictions, impacts, knowledge gaps associated with 10 notable proposed be elements. We evaluate approaching critical whether shifts manifest rapidly over longer timescales. Some have a higher risk crossing points under middle‐of‐the‐road pathways will possibly affect major ecosystems, patterns, and/or carbon cycling within 21st century. However, literature assessing scenarios indicates strong potential reduce impacts many through mitigation. The studies synthesized in our suggest most do not possess abrupt years, exhibit behavior, rather responding more predictably directly magnitude forcing. Nevertheless, uncertainties remain elements, highlighting an acute need further research modeling better constrain risks.

Язык: Английский

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Toward a climate‐informed North American protected areas network: Incorporating climate‐change refugia and corridors in conservation planning

Conservation Letters, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 13(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2020

Abstract Global and national commitments to slow biodiversity loss by expanding protected area networks also provide opportunities evaluate conservation priorities in the face of climate change. Using recently developed indicators climatic macrorefugia, environmental diversity, corridors, we conducted a systematic, climate‐informed prioritization values across North America. We explicitly considered complementarity multiple objectives, capturing key niche‐based temperature moisture thresholds for 324 tree species 268 songbird species. Conservation rankings were influenced most strongly corridors species‐specific refugia layers. Although areas high value under change partially aligned with existing areas, ∼80% within top quintile biome‐level lack formal protection. Results from this study application our approach elsewhere can help improve long‐term investments at spatial scales.

Язык: Английский

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The essential carbon service provided by northern peatlands

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 20(4), С. 222 - 230

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2021

Northern peatlands have cooled the global climate by accumulating large quantities of soil carbon (C) over thousands years. Maintaining C sink function these and their immense long‐term stores is critical for achieving net‐zero dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions 2050 to mitigate warming. One‐quarter world’s northern are in Canada, with mostly intact ecosystems providing a service that increasingly recognized as part nature‐based solutions combat change. However, land‐use change other disturbances threaten globally important “irrecoverable C” (that is, lost disturbance will take centuries recover). Inadequate policy safeguards avoid conversion degradation, limited quantification reporting peatland greenhouse‐gas removals, increase vulnerability peatlands. Targeted policies from local scales be needed improved decision making incentivizing management

Язык: Английский

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A synthesis of local adaptation to climate through reciprocal common gardens

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 110(5), С. 1015 - 1021

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2021

Abstract Contrasts of differences within plant species and ecotypes are often best examined in ecology, evolution genetics through provenance biogeographical comparisons. Climate adaptation studies plants no exception benefit from experiments that use these sets factors. Reciprocal common gardens a tool used to test for local different contexts including climate. A synthesis intraspecific tests climate was compile over 200 explored the relative efficacy this ecology change. Exclusion criteria were applied review literature specific explicitly climate, reciprocity total 70 independent instances. meta‐analysis consistency significance detecting categories traits tested by transplanting seeds or seedlings. This provides clear evidence change because all significant effect size estimates positive, relatively large, both seed seedling transplants demonstrated consistent adaptation. Emergence germination responses transplant growth biomass provided particularly strong support. Synthesis . highly effective experimental design ecotypic differentiation Nonetheless, we propose future clearly define whether being garden enable syntheses discovery, highlight need reciprocal climatic continued capacity response divergent selection processes many species.

Язык: Английский

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Global patterns of climate change impacts on desert bird communities

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2023

Abstract The world’s warm deserts are predicted to experience disproportionately large temperature increases due climate change, yet the impacts on global desert biodiversity remain poorly understood. Because species in live close their physiological limits, additional warming may induce local extinctions. Here, we combine change projections with biophysical models and distributions predict of birds globally. Our results show heterogeneous between within deserts. Moreover, spatial patterns do not simply mirror air changes. Climate refugia, defined as areas high avian diversity low impacts, persist varying extents different realms. Only a small proportion (<20%) refugia fall existing protected areas. analysis highlights need increase protection refugial protect from change.

Язык: Английский

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Environmental heterogeneity increases the conservation value of small natural features in karst landscapes

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 872, С. 162120 - 162120

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2023

Local biodiversity hotspots are often located within regions where extreme and variable environmental - e.g., climatic soil conditions occur. These areas conservation priorities. Although heterogeneity is recognised as an important determinant of biodiversity, studies focusing on the effects multiple components in same ecosystem scarce. Here we investigate how topography related microclimatic variables properties may influence value karst landscapes. Karst landscapes world contain millions dolines (i.e. bowl- or funnel-shaped depressions) that function 'small natural features' with a disproportionately large role maintaining relative to their size. We assessed diversity microclimates, soils vegetation relationships six microhabitats (south-facing slopes, east-facing west-facing north-facing slopes bottoms dolines, adjacent plateau) for nine grassland ecosystem. there were remarkable differences among these (e.g., representation different species groups, presence 'climate relicts'), each microhabitat had rare absent other landscape. found studied exhibited highly promoted high types unique composition, contributing topographic, climatic, soil, land cover Therefore, our findings highlight local have crucial importance. As widespread topographic features many throughout world, results could be directly applied well. An integrated approach urgently needed provide guidelines landscape management, promoting retention small vulnerable climate change and/or various disturbances.

Язык: Английский

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