Topoclimates, refugia, and biotic responses to climate change

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 18(5), С. 288 - 297

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2020

Plant distributions are strongly influenced by both climate and topography. In an analysis of geographic topographic for selected tree species in California, we found that populations increasingly restricted to extreme positions as they approach the edge their ranges, occupying cooler, pole‐facing slopes (at warm dry edge) warmer, equator‐facing cool moist edge). At a local scale, across gradients also correlate with ranges (species occupy cooler locations within landscape have moister distributions, vice versa). Model outputs indicated on will experience population declines increases, respectively, response warmer drier future. As such, locations, which viewed refugia some contexts, may be most threatened anthropogenic change.

Язык: Английский

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Topographic, soil, and climate drivers of drought sensitivity in forests and shrublands of the Pacific Northwest, USA

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2020

Abstract Climate change is anticipated to increase the frequency and intensity of droughts, with major impacts ecosystems globally. Broad-scale assessments vegetation responses drought are needed anticipate, manage, potentially mitigate climate-change effects on ecosystems. We quantified sensitivity in Pacific Northwest, USA, as percent reduction greenness under droughts relative baseline moisture conditions. At a regional scale, shrub-steppe ecosystems—with drier climates lower biomass—showed greater than conifer forests. However, variability was considerable within biomes mediated by landscape topography, climate, soil characteristics. Drought generally areas higher elevation, bulk density. Ecosystems high included dry forests along ecotones shrublands, Rocky Mountain subalpine forests, cold upland sagebrush communities. In valley bottoms low density available water capacity showed reduced sensitivity, suggesting their potential refugia. These regional-scale drought-sensitivity patterns discerned from remote sensing can complement plot-scale studies plant physiological help inform climate-adaptation planning conditions intensify.

Язык: Английский

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Tamm Review: Postfire landscape management in frequent-fire conifer forests of the southwestern United States

Forest Ecology and Management, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 502, С. 119678 - 119678

Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Vegetation type conversion in the US Southwest: frontline observations and management responses

Fire Ecology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Май 19, 2022

Abstract Background Forest and nonforest ecosystems of the western United States are experiencing major transformations in response to land-use change, climate warming, their interactive effects with wildland fire. Some transitioning persistent alternative types, hereafter called “vegetation type conversion” (VTC). VTC is one most pressing management issues southwestern US, yet current strategies intervene address change often use trial-and-error approaches devised after fact. To better understand how manage VTC, we gathered managers, scientists, practitioners from across US collect experiences challenges, responses, outcomes. Results Participants two workshops provided 11 descriptive case studies 61 examples own field observations. These demonstrate extent complexity ecological reorganization region. High-severity fire was predominant driver semi-arid coniferous forests. By a large margin, these forests converted shrubland, fewer conversions native or non-native herbaceous communities. Chaparral sagebrush areas nearly always grasses through interactions among land use, climate, Management interventions attempted reverse changes, although found that efforts cover only small portion high-severity burn undergoing VTC. incurred long (>10 years) observational periods prior initiating interventions. Efforts facilitate were rare, but could spatial areas. Conclusions Our findings underscore conversion common outcome US. Ecosystem managers frontline observers far-reaching potentially making valuable further developing intervention research agendas. As its drivers increase appears increasingly likely many contexts may require paradigms transition as well. Approaches include new models desired conditions, experimentation by broader implementation adaptive strategies. Continuing support develop science-manager partnerships peer learning groups will help shape our ongoing rapid transformations.

Язык: Английский

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YOLO-Based Light-Weight Deep Learning Models for Insect Detection System with Field Adaption

Agriculture, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(3), С. 741 - 741

Опубликована: Март 22, 2023

The most incredible diversity, abundance, spread, and adaptability in biology are found insects. foundation of insect study pest management is recognition. However, the current recognition research depends on a small number taxonomic experts. We can use computers to differentiate insects accurately instead professionals because quick advancement computer technology. “YOLOv5” model, with five different state art object detection techniques, has been used this classification investigation identify subtle differences between subcategories. To enhance critical information feature map weaken supporting information, both channel spatial attention modules introduced, improving network’s capacity for experimental findings show that F1 score approaches 0.90, mAP value reaches 93% through learning self-made dataset. increased by 0.02, 1% as compared other YOLOv5 models, demonstrating success upgraded YOLOv5-based system.

Язык: Английский

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Adaptation Strategies and Approaches for Managing Fire in a Changing Climate

Climate, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(4), С. 58 - 58

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2022

As the effects of climate change accumulate and intensify, resource managers juggle existing goals new mandates to operationalize adaptation. Fire contend with direct on resources in addition climate-induced disruptions fire regimes subsequent ecosystem effects. In systems stressed by warming drying, increased activity amplifies pace scale severe disturbance events, heightening urgency for management action. are asked integrate information impacts their professional expertise determine how achieve objectives a changing altered regimes. This is difficult task, need support as they incorporate adaptation into planning operations. We present list strategies approaches specific based co-produced knowledge from science–management partnership pilot-tested two-day workshop natural regional stakeholders. “menu” flexible useful tool who connect dots between ecology, science, intent, implementation. It was created tested part an framework used widely across United States should be applicable many fire-prone forest ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Higher soil moisture increases microclimate temperature buffering in temperate broadleaf forests

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 345, С. 109828 - 109828

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2023

Forest canopies can buffer the understory against temperature extremes, often creating cooler microclimates during warm summer days compared to temperatures outside forest. The buffering of maximum in results from a combination canopy shading and air cooling through soil water evaporation plant transpiration. Therefore, capacity forests depends on cover moisture content, which are increasingly affected by more frequent severe disturbances droughts. extent this will be maintained future conditions is unclear due lack understanding about relationship between interaction with topographic settings. We explored how variability affects offsets inside forest daily basis, using data 54 sites temperate broadleaf Central Europe over four climatically different seasons. Daily understories were average 2 °C than temperatures. was effective when higher, sensitive drier soils sun-exposed slopes high heat load. Based these results, soil–water limitation become prevalent under warmer likely lead changes communities. Thus, our highlight urgent need include models predictions microclimate, biodiversity tree regeneration, provide precise estimate effects climate change.

Язык: Английский

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“Forest fire emissions: A contribution to global climate change”

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 5

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2022

Forest fires are emitting substantial amounts of greenhouse gases and particulate matter into the atmosphere than assumed in state climate targets. It can play an important role combustible environments, such as shrublands, grasslands, forests, contribute to change. Thus, forest fire, change is intertwined concepts. As vegetation burns, release carbon stored within them. This main reason why large-scale atmospheric dioxide (CO 2 ) hence, responsible for increasing rate a great extent. extremely significant measure contribution global fire emissions trends gases. In this context, continental-scale assessments were primarily attempted using ground-based datasets ecosystem fires. Considerable research has been published employing remote sensing data from coast coast. While valuable, they have some restrictions that be overcome by sensing. Ground-based limited total burned area, with their completeness changing yearly location. Remote provide additional spatio-temporal information improve emission estimates. paper, factors driving brief discussion on triangular relationship between land degradation, change, Sensing Geographic Information Systems (GIS), machine learning (ML), critical overview state-of-the-art presented.

Язык: Английский

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A Science Agenda to Inform Natural Resource Management Decisions in an Era of Ecological Transformation

BioScience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 72(1), С. 71 - 90

Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2021

Abstract Earth is experiencing widespread ecological transformation in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems that attributable to directional environmental changes, especially intensifying climate change. To better steward facing unprecedented lasting change, a new management paradigm forming, supported by decision-oriented framework presents three distinct choices: resist, accept, or direct the trajectory. make these choices strategically, managers seek understand nature of could occur if change accepted while identifying opportunities intervene resist In this article, we inspire research agenda for science focused on social based five central questions align with resist–accept–direct (RAD) framework. Development needed apply RAD support natural resource conservation our rapidly changing planet.

Язык: Английский

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Maximizing the effectiveness of national commitments to protected area expansion for conserving biodiversity and ecosystem carbon under climate change

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 27(15), С. 3395 - 3414

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2021

Global commitments to protected area expansion should prioritize opportunities protect climate refugia and ecosystems which store high levels of irrecoverable carbon, as key components an effective response biodiversity loss change. The United States Canada are responsible for one-sixth global greenhouse gas emissions but hold extensive natural that globally significant above- below-ground carbon. has initiated a process network in concert with efforts at reconciliation Indigenous Peoples, acknowledged nature-based solutions aspect change mitigation. US, although not party conventions, recently committed protecting 30% its extent by 2030 achieving the UNFCCC Paris Agreement's mitigation targets. afforded these dual conservation require coordinated national regional policies ensure new areas maximize biodiversity-focused adaptation opportunities. We address how can best inform policy initiatives build on existing agency mandates planning species conservation. Previous analyses priorities under have been tenuously linked contexts individual nations lacked information due limitations available datasets. Comparison synthesis predictions from range developed metrics allow such data despite substantial uncertainty arising contrasting model assumptions inputs. A case study endangered old-forest-associated US Pacific Northwest demonstrates be nested hierarchically within strategies integrate refugia, connectivity, ecosystem carbon holistically evaluate role different land designations where protection biodiversity's resilience aligned.

Язык: Английский

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