Lifestyle interventions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(11), С. 708 - 722

Опубликована: Июль 4, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Food Insecurity, Low Household Income, and Low Education Level Increase the Risk of Having Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Fatty Liver Disease Among Adolescents in the United States

The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 119(6), С. 1089 - 1101

Опубликована: Март 13, 2024

INTRODUCTION: In the United States, 10.2% households (HH) report child food insecurity. We assessed associations between metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) and insecurity among adolescents in States. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed using data from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2018. Food by US Department of Agriculture Child Security Module. MASLD defined transient elastography. RESULTS: Among 771 (aged 12–18 years) (mean age 14.7 years; 52.5% male; 50.9% White, 12.7% Black, 24.4% Hispanic, 12.1% other), 9.8% reported insecurity; prevalence 10.12% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.13%–13.20%) affecting 4.27 million adolescents; nonalcoholic 10.77% CI 7.76–13.78) 4.52 adolescents. There near-perfect concordance (Cohen's κ coefficient 0.971, 95% 0.946–0.996). The greater food-insecure vs food-secure ones (17.4% 9.4%) living with a low HH income those higher (15.0% 7.2%) head lower education level one (18.0% 8.2%) ( P < 0.05). fully adjusted model showed that compared income, had 3-fold risk (odds ratio [OR] 3.25, 1.31–8.08) having MASLD, while low-income no increased (OR 1.58, 0.85–2.93, = 0.139). odds elevated +163% presence HTN 2.63, 1.02–6.78), +241% being Hispanic 3.41, 1.36–8.56), +138% male 2.38, 1.20–4.75). addition, 1-unit increase BMI associated 25% 1.25, 1.17–1.33) DISCUSSION: is especially individuals obesity hypertension. Policies addressing inequities are needed.

Язык: Английский

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A mixed‐method systematic review and meta‐analysis of the influences of food environments and food insecurity on obesity in high‐income countries

Food Science & Nutrition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(11), С. 3689 - 3723

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2022

Abstract Obesity remains a serious public health concern in rich countries and the current obesogenic food environments insecurity are predictors of this disease. The impact these variables on rising obesity trends is, however, mixed inconsistent, due to measurement issues cross‐sectional study designs. To further work area, review aimed summarize quantitative qualitative data relationship between variables, among adults children across high‐income countries. A mixed‐method systematic was conducted using 13 electronic databases, up August 2021. Two authors independently extracted evaluated quality publications. Random‐effects meta‐analysis used estimate odds ratio (OR) for association obesity. Where statistical pooling statistics related not possible heterogeneity, narrative synthesis performed. Meta‐analysis 36,113 showed statistically significant associations (OR: 1.503, 95% confidence interval: 1.432–1.577, p < .05). Narrative different types Findings from studies regarding reliance energy‐dense, nutrient‐poor foods owing their affordability accessibility aligned with findings studies. Results both potential links increased body weight participation assistance programs such as banks were supportive gain. address individuals experiencing insecurity, wide‐reaching approaches required, especially those surrounded by unhealthy which could potentially influence choice.

Язык: Английский

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Food insecurity as a cause of adiposity: evolutionary and mechanistic hypotheses

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 378(1888)

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2023

Food insecurity (FI) is associated with obesity among women in high-income countries. This seemingly paradoxical association can be explained by the insurance hypothesis, which states that humans possess evolved mechanisms increase fat storage to buffer against energy shortfall when access food unpredictable. The evolutionary logic underlying hypothesis well established and experiments on animals confirm exposure unpredictable causes weight gain, but involved are less clear. Drawing data from other vertebrates, we review a suite of behavioural physiological could under FI. FI short-term hyperphagia, evidence it increased total intake lacking. Experiments suggest increases retained metabolizable reductions expenditure sufficient fuel gain absence intake. Reducing diverting somatic maintenance into stores should improve survival FI, trade-offs potentially include disease risk accelerated ageing. We conclude plausibly adiposity, poor health shorter lifespan. article part discussion meeting issue ‘Causes obesity: theories, conjectures (Part II)’.

Язык: Английский

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Food inequity and insecurity and MASLD: burden, challenges, and interventions

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(10), С. 668 - 686

Опубликована: Июль 29, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Changes in UK price disparities between healthy and less healthy foods over 10 years: An updated analysis with insights in the context of inflationary increases in the cost-of-living from 2021

Appetite, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 197, С. 107290 - 107290

Опубликована: Март 8, 2024

Food prices and affordability play an important role in influencing dietary choices, which turn have implications for public health. With inflationary increases the cost-of-living UK since 2021, understanding dynamics of food becomes increasingly important. In this longitudinal study, we aimed to examine changes from 2013 2023 by group healthiness. We established a dataset spanning years 2013–2023 combining price data Consumer Price Index beverage items with nutrient databank Department Health & Social Care's National Diet Nutrition Survey data. calculated (£/100 kcal) each item year as well before during period pressure, classified into groups according Eatwell Guide either "more healthy" or "less using profiling score model. 2023, bread, rice, potatoes pasta was cheapest (£0.12/100 fruit vegetables most expensive (£1.01/100 kcal). Less healthy cheaper than more (£0.33/100 kcal versus £0.81/100 Before pressure (from late 2021), foods decreased 3%. After period, increased 22%: relative were highest milk dairy (31%) less category (26%). While healthier saw smaller they remain expensive, potentially exacerbating inequalities. Policy responses should ensure mitigate disparities via, example, subsidies.

Язык: Английский

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Facilitators and barriers to healthful eating among adolescents in high‐income countries: A mixed‐methods systematic review

Obesity Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(11)

Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2024

Abstract Adolescent obesity continues to be a public health challenge with poor quality diets contributing its etiology. As part of the process plan promotion and policy interventions, understanding adolescents perceived facilitators barriers healthful eating is important. An integrative convergent mixed‐methods systematic review was used synthesize qualitative quantitative evidence from studies among aged 10–19 years in high‐income countries. Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Scopus were searched for peer‐reviewed articles published between 2010 2023 exploring adolescents' perspectives on contemporary contextual factors. Transformed data integrated data. Text coded into subthemes themes using an inductive approach. Key included physical appearance; motivation; taste; nutrition knowledge, awareness, skills; education access; availability accessibility foods; family; social influences digital media. taste cravings unhealthful mood; lack motivation, high low cost peers influences; ineffective school policies; density fast‐food outlets; food advertising; time constraints. Social, behavioral, digital, environmental factors should considered adolescent perspective design education, promotion, interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Nutritional status and associated socioeconomic factors among low-income Saudi females

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 9

Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2025

Introduction Obesity is most common among people with low incomes in high-income countries, although being overweight affects all socioeconomic categories. This study evaluated the nutritional and health status their associated variables low-income Saudi females. Methods A structured questionnaire was used to collect participants’ (153 women) sociodemographic profiles other data (hypertension, diabetes, thyroid, anemia status). Nutrient intake, anthropometric indices, minimal dietary diversity scores (MDDS), lipid were also measured. Chi-squared Student- t tests detect significant variation groups, Spearman correlation determine factors affecting of women. Results discussion As varied greatly, some nutrient intake significantly lower ( p ≤ 0.01) than recommended (DRI). However, indices differed between women high MDDS 0.01). The rate females obesity outperformed groups regarding MDDS, followed by those who are overweight. Furthermore, a 0.001) profile observed subjects. Despite majority participants having normal cholesterol, LDL-C, triglyceride levels, HDL-C levels either at risk or borderline risk. showed no signs anemia, hypertension, thyroid issues. Interestingly, whereas education level negatively 0.05 linked age, family size, source income, social welfare benefits, marital positively these variables. According this study, face several challenges adopting healthy lifestyle, as indicated parameters evaluated.

Язык: Английский

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The cost‐of‐living crisis is feeding the paradox of obesity and food insecurities in the UK

Obesity, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 31(6), С. 1461 - 1462

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2023

Interconnections between the cost of living crisis and health inequality. The cost-of-living crisis, with increasing food energy costs [(1)], will impact obesity epidemic in UK, producing more diet inequalities for those obesity. In September 2022, 40% British consumers reported that they were worried about being able to afford purchase next month [(2)]. high-income countries, quality status are strongly correlated socioeconomic [(3)]. Scotland, rates 36% areas highest quintile deprivation (based on Scottish Index Multiple Deprivation) 26% lowest social [(4)]. With slight regional variations, around two thirds adults UK overweight or [(5)]. Food insecurity (FI) is defined as "the lack secure access sufficient amounts safe nutritious normal growth development an active healthy life" [(6)]. Just hunger can be experienced by food-secure individuals, FI without [(7)]. For obesity, rising healthier creates a food-insecure environment, not related food, but rather, affordable food. This multifactorial phenomenon encompasses qualitative, psychological, dimensions scale problem dynamic, sharp increase since COVID-19 pandemic. 25% households children insecure [(8)]. staggering 2.5-fold number experiencing January 2021 families low income, poorest fifth population need spend 47% their disposable income consume according Eatwell Guide, contrast 11% needed richest [(9)]. supermarket environment has important role play mediation better purchasing consumers, including current system enables consumption highly processed foods, high density, fat, sugar, salt, which cheaper than foods. foods three times expensive per calorie unhealthy [(9)], similar trend observed United States [(10)]. It been shown sources protein, fiber, vitamins, minerals 100 g, after adjustment As result, dietary choices incomes often limited low-price, high-energy combination, which, long term, promote weight gain, especially when combined sedentary lifestyle apparent paradox along FI, prevalence observed—a link may seem self-contradictory general public [(11)]. However, intersection complex simply "energy in–energy out" concept easy reconcile. Social bias discrimination people mean orthodox solution "eating less" "exercising more" repressive [(12)]. We evidence-based solutions support National Strategy (2021) approach "deliver safe, healthy, regardless where live how much earn" [(13)]. What true this quo? Poor primary risk factor cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, some forms cancers it profound effect all-cause disability-adjusted life years [(14)]. At national level, estimated 2050, NHS reach £9.7 billion; £3.6 billion from 2014/2015 anticipated abandonment Department Health's Obesity [(15)] government shortsighted likely widen existing inequality gap even further, potential worsen both children. scientists, we pledge address head [(16)]. FIO-Food project [(17)], aim provide actionable evidence responsive policy retail strategies insecurity. research shows, structural changes needed, behavioral interventions appear have little tackling among low-income [(18)]. Over 3 years, our goal identify realistic robust while paying close attention crisis. Only efforts coproduction systems-wide changes, driven stakeholders real transformative make healthier, sustainable, affordable, all. AJ ML conceived idea article. Both authors involved writing paper had final approval submitted published versions. Biotechnology Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) funded reasearch, Grant Award BB/W018020/1, FIO Food: Insecurity - improving sustainable FOOD environment. declared no conflict interest.

Язык: Английский

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Meta-review of child and adolescent experiences and consequences of food insecurity

Global Food Security, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 41, С. 100767 - 100767

Опубликована: Май 25, 2024

We conducted a meta-review of consequences associated with food insecurity for children and adolescents, how these occur, what evidence is available that associations between child outcomes are causal. A systematic search in five databases identified 55 studies on adolescent potential consequences. Extensive literature accumulated over nearly 30 years has profound growth, diet, health, psychological development adolescents who experience insecurity. Many consequences, particularly academic performance, behavior development, mental will affect the readiness adulthood occur regardless setting.

Язык: Английский

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