The Foreseeable Future of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: Advanced Upcycling for Toxic Electrolyte, Cathode, and Anode from Environmental and Technological Perspectives DOI
Lingen Zhang, Yu Zhang,

Zhenming Xu

и другие.

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 57(36), С. 13270 - 13291

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2023

With the rise of new energy vehicle industry represented by Tesla and BYD, need for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) grows rapidly. However, owing to limited service life LIBs, large-scale retirement tide LIBs has come. The recycling spent become an inevitable trend resource recovery, environmental protection, social demand. low added value recovery previous mostly used traditional metal extraction, which caused damage had high cost. Beyond upcycling came into being. In this work, we have outlined particularly focus on sustainable technologies toxic electrolyte, cathode, anode from LIBs. For whether electrolyte extraction or decomposition, restoring original components decomposing them low-carbon conversion is goal upcycling. Direct regeneration preparation advanced materials are best strategies cathodic with advantages cost consumption, but challenges remain in industrial practice. graphite-based battery-grade graphite shows us prospect anode. Furthermore, future development summarized discussed technological perspectives.

Язык: Английский

Comprehensive recycling of lithium-ion batteries: Fundamentals, pretreatment, and perspectives DOI
Wenhao Yu, Yi Guo, Shengming Xu

и другие.

Energy storage materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 54, С. 172 - 220

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2022

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

151

A Materials Perspective on Direct Recycling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Principles, Challenges and Opportunities DOI Creative Commons
Panpan Xu, Darren H. S. Tan,

Binglei Jiao

и другие.

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(14)

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2023

Abstract As the dominant means of energy storage technology today, widespread deployment lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) would inevitably generate countless spent at their end life. From perspectives environmental protection and resource sustainability, recycling is a necessary strategy to manage end‐of‐life LIBs. Compared with traditional hydrometallurgical pyrometallurgical methods, emerging direct technology, rejuvenating electrode materials via non‐destructive way, has attracted rising attention due its efficient processes along increased economic return reduced CO 2 footprint. This review investigates state‐of‐the‐art technologies based on effective relithiation through solid‐state, aqueous, eutectic solution ionic liquid mediums thoroughly discusses underlying regeneration mechanism each method regarding different battery chemistries. It concluded that can be more energy‐efficient, cost‐effective, sustainable way recycle LIBs compared approaches. Additionally, it also identified still in infancy several fundamental technological hurdles such as separation, binder removal electrolyte recovery. In addressing these remaining challenges, this proposes an outlook potential technical avenues accelerate development toward industrial applications.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

151

Fundamentals, status and challenges of direct recycling technologies for lithium ion batteries DOI
Haocheng Ji, Junxiong Wang, Jun Ma

и другие.

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 52(23), С. 8194 - 8244

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Unlike conventional recycling methods that focus on 'extraction', direct aims for 'repair', which necessitates selecting and designing a strategy based the failure mechanisms of spent lithium ion battery materials.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

144

Progress, Key Issues, and Future Prospects for Li‐Ion Battery Recycling DOI
Xiaoxue Wu, Jun Ma, Junxiong Wang

и другие.

Global Challenges, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 6(12)

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2022

The overuse and exploitation of fossil fuels has triggered the energy crisis caused tremendous issues for society. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as one most important renewable storage technologies, have experienced booming progress, especially with drastic growth electric vehicles. To avoid massive mineral mining opening new mines, battery recycling to extract valuable species from spent LIBs is essential development energy. Therefore, needs be widely promoted/applied advanced technology low consumption, emission, green reagents highlighted. In this review, necessity first discussed several different aspects. Second, various technologies that are currently used, such pyrometallurgical hydrometallurgical methods, summarized evaluated. Then, based on challenges above authors look further forward some cutting-edge direct repair regeneration. addition, also discuss prospects selected strategies next-generation solid-state Li-metal batteries. Finally, overall conclusions future perspectives sustainability devices presented in last chapter.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

111

Topotactic Transformation of Surface Structure Enabling Direct Regeneration of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes DOI
Kai Jia, Junxiong Wang, Zhaofeng Zhuang

и другие.

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 145(13), С. 7288 - 7300

Опубликована: Март 6, 2023

Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has become an urgent task to address the issues of resource shortage and potential environmental pollution. However, direct recycling LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) cathode is challenging because strong electrostatic repulsion from a transition metal octahedron in lithium layer provided by rock salt/spinel phase that formed on surface cycled severely disrupts Li+ transport, which restrains replenishment during regeneration, resulting regenerated with inferior capacity cycling performance. Here, we propose topotactic transformation stable into Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2 then back NCM523 cathode. As result, relithiation reaction low migration barriers occurs facile transport channel (from one octahedral site another, passing through tetrahedral intermediate) weakened repulsion, greatly improves regeneration. In addition, proposed method can be extended repair black mass, LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2, LiCoO2 cathodes, whose electrochemical performance after regeneration comparable commercial pristine cathodes. This work demonstrates fast process modifying channels, providing unique perspective LIB

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

95

Scalable Direct Recycling of Cathode Black Mass from Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries DOI
Varun Gupta, Xiaolu Yu, Hongpeng Gao

и другие.

Advanced Energy Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(6)

Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2022

Abstract End of life (EoL) lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are piling up at an intimidating rate, which is alarming for environmental health. With further expected rapid growth LIB use, the magnitude spent battery accumulation also to grow. LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 (NCM) cathode materials a dominant chemistry in high energy LIBs, and make huge portion this waste accumulation. Direct recycling one most promising ways turn wealth, but has been limited lab‐scale, due lack robustness, namely tedious pretreatment required that involves toxic organic solvents. Herein, process integrates relithiation black mass demonstrated. Cathode material from EoL electric vehicle (EV) treated 100 g per batch operation regenerated active demonstrates 100% electrochemical performance recovery, with 91% yield shows promise scale up. This advantages integration, scalability, universality, clears barricade direct move lab industry considerable profitability.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

84

Review on the Binders for Sustainable High‐Energy‐Density Lithium Ion Batteries: Status, Solutions, and Prospects DOI

Wendi Dou,

Mengting Zheng, Wu Zhang

и другие.

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(45)

Опубликована: Июль 5, 2023

Abstract The upsurging demand for electric vehicles and the rapid consumption of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) calls LIBs to possess high energy density resource sustainability. former requires usage electroactive materials with capacity maximum amount within fixed electrode volume. latter essentially creates a closed‐loop circulation scenario materials. In all aspects, binders are practical significance in bonding materials, maintaining integrity detaching slurry from current collector. Currently, key role enhancing electrochemical behavior sustainable high‐capacity has been recognized. Meanwhile, that designed easy cost‐effective recycling gradually reported. Herein, recently developed hold promises establishing high‐energy‐density summarized. binder facilitating separation first highlighted. Subsequently, special attention is paid conductive binders, contributing less battery chemistries higher electrode. Additionally, progress emerging also reviewed. It believed advances will open up opportunities economy.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

78

Challenges in Recycling Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Spotlight on Polyvinylidene Fluoride Removal DOI Creative Commons
Mengmeng Wang, Kang Liu, Jiadong Yu

и другие.

Global Challenges, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 7(3)

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2023

Abstract In the recycling of retired lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), cathode materials containing valuable metals should be first separated from current collector aluminum foil to decrease difficulty and complexity in subsequent metal extraction. However, strong binding force organic binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) prevents effective separation Al foil, thus affecting recycling. This paper reviews composition, property, function, mechanism PVDF, elaborates on technologies material (e.g., physical separation, solid‐phase thermochemistry, solution chemistry, solvent chemistry) as well corresponding reaction behavior transformation mechanisms PVDF. Due characteristic variation systems, dissolution, swelling, melting, degradation processes PVDF exhibit considerable differences, posing new challenges efficient spent LIBs worldwide. It is critical separate recycle reduce environmental risks recovery resources. Developing fluorine‐free alternative solid‐state electrolytes a potential way mitigate pollution EV era.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

70

Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries for a sustainable future: recent advancements DOI Creative Commons
Basanta Kumar Biswal, Bei Zhang, Phuong Thi Minh Tran

и другие.

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 53(11), С. 5552 - 5592

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

A critical review of the recent developments in recycling spent Li-ion batteries using five major technologies (direct recycling, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, bioleaching and electrometallurgy) evaluation their sustainability.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

64

Assessment of the lifecycle carbon emission and energy consumption of lithium-ion power batteries recycling: A systematic review and meta-analysis DOI
Jingjing Li, Lanlan Li, Ranran Yang

и другие.

Journal of Energy Storage, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 65, С. 107306 - 107306

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2023

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

52