The Glutamate/GABA‐Glutamine Cycle: Insights, Updates, and Advances
Journal of Neurochemistry,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
169(3)
Опубликована: Март 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Synaptic
homeostasis
of
the
principal
neurotransmitters
glutamate
and
GABA
is
tightly
regulated
by
an
intricate
metabolic
coupling
between
neurons
astrocytes
known
as
glutamate/GABA‐glutamine
cycle.
In
this
cycle,
take
up
from
synapse
convert
these
into
glutamine.
Astrocytic
glutamine
subsequently
transferred
to
neurons,
serving
precursor
for
neuronal
synthesis.
The
cycle
integrates
multiple
cellular
processes,
including
neurotransmitter
release,
uptake,
synthesis,
metabolism.
All
processes
are
deeply
interdependent
closely
coupled
energy
Astrocytes
display
highly
active
mitochondrial
oxidative
metabolism
several
unique
features,
glycogen
storage
pyruvate
carboxylation,
which
essential
sustain
continuous
release.
However,
new
roles
oligodendrocytes
microglia
in
recycling
emerging.
Malfunction
can
lead
severe
synaptic
disruptions
may
be
implicated
brain
diseases.
Here,
I
review
central
aspects
recent
advances
highlight
how
functionally
connected
critical
functions
First,
overview
glutamate,
GABA,
transport
provided
relation
recycling.
Then,
reviewed,
with
a
special
emphasis
on
glial
cells.
Finally,
discuss
aberrant
linked
neurodegeneration
disease,
focusing
astrocyte
dysfunction
lipid
emerging
pathological
mechanisms.
Instead
viewing
individual
biochemical
more
holistic
integrative
approach
needed
advance
our
understanding
modulates
function
both
health
disease.
image
Язык: Английский
A tribute to Arne Schousboe's contributions to neurochemistry and his innovative and enduring research in GABA, glutamate, and brain energy metabolism
Journal of Neurochemistry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
169(1)
Опубликована: Авг. 26, 2024
This
is
a
tribute
to
Arne
Schousboe,
Professor
Emeritus
at
the
University
of
Copenhagen,
an
eminent
neurochemist
and
neuroscientist
who
was
leader
in
fields
GABA,
glutamate,
brain
energy
metabolism.
known
for
his
keen
intellect,
wide-ranging
expertise
neurochemistry
neuropharmacology
GABA
glutamate
also
strong
leadership,
warm
engaging
personality
enjoyment
fine
wine
great
food
shared
with
friends,
family,
colleagues.
Sadly,
passed
away
on
February
27,
2024,
after
short
illness.
He
survived
by
wife
Inger
two
children,
three
wonderful
grandchildren.
His
death
tremendous
loss
neuroscience
community.
will
be
greatly
missed
Some
highlights
Arne's
career
are
described
this
tribute.
Язык: Английский