Global pandemics interconnected — obesity, impaired metabolic health and COVID-19

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 17(3), С. 135 - 149

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2021

Obesity and impaired metabolic health are established risk factors for the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer nonalcoholic fatty liver otherwise known as associated disease (MAFLD). With worldwide spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), obesity also emerged important determinants 2019 (COVID-19). Furthermore, novel findings indicate that specifically visceral characteristics such hyperglycaemia, hypertension subclinical inflammation with a high COVID-19. In this Review, we highlight how increase complications mortality in We summarize consequences SARS-CoV-2 infection organ function NCDs. addition, discuss data indicating COVID-19 pandemic could have serious epidemic. As both accelerators COVID-19, might adversely influence efficacy vaccines, propose strategies prevention treatment on clinical population level, particularly while is present. This Review highlights (COVID-19) summarizes function. there discussion implications pandemic.

Язык: Английский

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Pathophysiological mechanisms of liver injury in COVID‐19

Liver International, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 41(1), С. 20 - 32

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2020

The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a world-wide pandemic. Disseminated lung injury with development acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is main cause mortality COVID-19. Although liver failure does not seem to occur absence pre-existing disease, hepatic involvement COVID-19 may correlate overall severity and serve as prognostic factor for ARDS. spectrum range from direct infection SARS-CoV-2, indirect systemic inflammation, hypoxic changes, iatrogenic causes such drugs ventilation exacerbation underlying disease. This concise review discusses potential pathophysiological mechanisms SARS-CoV-2 tropism well possibly long-term

Язык: Английский

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Cholangiopathy After Severe COVID-19: Clinical Features and Prognostic Implications

The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 116(7), С. 1414 - 1425

Опубликована: Май 16, 2021

INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus, is a predominantly tract infection with the capacity to affect multiple organ systems. Abnormal liver tests, mainly transaminase elevations, have been reported in hospitalized patients. We describe of cholangiopathy patients recovering from COVID-19 characterized marked elevation serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) accompanied evidence bile duct injury on imaging. METHODS: conducted retrospective study admitted our institution March 1, 2020, August 15, whom hepatology service was consulted for abnormal tests. Bile identified tests ALP > 3x upper limit normal and findings magnetic resonance cholangiopacreatography. Clinical, laboratory, radiological, histological were recorded Research Electronic Data Capture database. RESULTS: Twelve identified, 11 men 1 woman, mean age 58 years. Mean time diagnosis 118 days. Peak median alanine aminotransferase 661 U/L peak 1855 U/L. Marked elevations erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, D-dimers common. Magnetic cholangiopacreatography included beading intrahepatic ducts (11/12, 92%), wall thickening enhancement (7/12, 58%), peribiliary diffusion high signal (10/12, 83%). Liver biopsy 4 showed and/or chronic large obstruction without clear loss. Progressive biliary damage has demonstrated radiographically. Five referred consideration transplantation after experiencing persistent jaundice, hepatic insufficiency, recurrent bacterial cholangitis. One patient underwent successful living donor transplantation. DISCUSSION: Cholangiopathy late complication potential progressive failure. Further studies are required understand pathogenesis, natural history, therapeutic interventions.

Язык: Английский

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The roles of critical pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the drive of cytokine storm during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Journal of Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 95(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2023

Abstract In patients with severe COVID‐19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ dysfunction (MODS), and even mortality can result from cytokine storm, which is a hyperinflammatory medical condition caused by the excessive uncontrolled release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. High levels numerous crucial cytokines, such as interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), IL‐2, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interferon (IFN)‐γ, IFN‐induced protein 10 kDa, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, IL‐10 so on, have been found in COVID‐19. They participate cascade amplification pathways responses through complex inflammatory networks. Here, we review involvements these critical cytokines SARS‐CoV‐2 infection discuss their potential roles triggering or regulating help to understand pathogenesis So far, there rarely effective therapeutic strategy for storm besides using glucocorticoids, proved fatal side effects. Clarifying key involved network will develop an ideal intervention, neutralizing antibody certain inhibitor some signal pathways.

Язык: Английский

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Secondary sclerosing cholangitis as cause of persistent jaundice in patients with severe COVID‐19

Liver International, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 41(10), С. 2404 - 2417

Опубликована: Май 21, 2021

Little is known about cholestasis, including its most severe variant secondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC), in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). In this study, we analysed the occurrence of cholestatic liver injury and SSC, clinical, serological, radiological histopathological findings.We conducted a retrospective single-centre analysis all consecutive admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) as result COVID-19 at University Hospital Zurich describe these patients. The findings were compared cohort influenza A.A total 34 ICU included. Of these, 14 (41%) had no cholestasis (group 0), 11 (32%, group 1) developed mild 9 (27%, 2) cholestasis. Patients 2 more complicated course indicated by significantly longer stay (median 51 days, IQR 25-86.5) than other groups 0: median 9.5 3.8-18.3, P = .001; 1: 16 8-30, < .05 respectively). Four SSC none A cohort. available suggest an ischaemic damage perihilar bile ducts.The development represents important complication needs be considered diagnostic work up prolonged interest ongoing pandemic since it associated considerable morbidity mortality.

Язык: Английский

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Liver function test abnormalities at hospital admission are associated with severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a prospective cohort study

Gut, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 70(10), С. 1925 - 1932

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2021

Objective Liver injury has frequently been reported in COVID-19 patients. The clinical relevance of liver related to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear with a need for prospective studies on the impact function test (LFT) abnormalities at baseline. Design Data 217 patients without pre-existing disease prospectively included registry LMU university hospital were analysed order assess association abnormal LFT admission and course disease. Severe was defined as intensive care unit (ICU) or COVID-19-related death. Results Abnormal baseline present 58% patients, predominant elevation aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (42%), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) (37%) alanine (ALT) (27%), hypoalbuminaemia observed 33%. Elevation ALT GGT, well hypoalbuminaemia, associated higher proportions requiring ICU treatment mechanical ventilation. After adjusting age, gender comorbidities, combined AST GGT highly significant independent risk factor (OR 46.22 38.8, respectively) composite endpoint and/or death 42.0 26.9, respectively). Conclusion LFTs admission, particular albumin, are severe infection.

Язык: Английский

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Attenuating the Effects of Novel COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection-Induced Cytokine Storm and the Implications

Journal of Inflammation Research, Год журнала: 2021, Номер Volume 14, С. 1487 - 1510

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2021

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes an arduous global health challenge, and the increasing number of fatalities calls for speedy pursuit a remedy. This review emphasizes changing aspects disease, featuring cytokine storm's pathological processes. Furthermore, we briefly reviewed potential therapeutic agents that may modulate alleviate storms. literature exploration was made using PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Google scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases to retrieve most recent on etiology, diagnostic markers, possible prophylactic options management storm in patients hospitalized with disease. causative agent, severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), continually threatens efficiency immune system infected individuals. As first responder, innate provides primary protection against COVID-19, affecting disease's progression, clinical outcome, prognosis. Evidence suggests associated are primarily due hyper-inflammation aberrant function. Accordingly, magnitude release pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, (IL-6), tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) significantly differentiate between mild cases COVID-19. early prediction is by several serum chemistry hematological markers. prompt use these markers diagnosis aggressive prevention syndrome critical determining level morbidity fatality prophylaxis rapid treatment clinicians will enhance fight dreaded Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, storm, hyper-inflammation,

Язык: Английский

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Combined Metabolic Activators Accelerates Recovery in Mild‐to‐Moderate COVID‐19

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8(17)

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2021

COVID-19 is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities, including the deficiencies in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD

Язык: Английский

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Neuroinflammation and Its Impact on the Pathogenesis of COVID-19

Frontiers in Medicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8

Опубликована: Ноя. 24, 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 include dry cough, difficult breathing, fever, fatigue, and may lead to pneumonia failure. There are significant gaps in the current understanding whether SARS-CoV-2 attacks CNS directly or through activation peripheral immune system cell infiltration. Although modality neurological impairments associated with has not been thoroughly investigated, latest studies have observed that induces neuroinflammation long-term consequences. Here we review literature on possible cellular molecular mechanisms induced-neuroinflammation. Activation innate increased cytokine levels, chemokines, free radicals SARS-CoV-2-induced pathogenic response at blood-brain barrier (BBB). BBB disruption allows immune/inflammatory infiltration into activating resident cells (such as microglia astrocytes). This highlights involved COVID-19-induced neuroinflammation, which neuronal death. A better these will help gain substantial knowledge about potential role changes plan therapeutic intervention strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Liver injury in the era of COVID-19

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 27(5), С. 377 - 390

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has undoubtedly revolutionized the whole globe and given a new point of view on tract infections. Nevertheless, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cannot be perceived as limited only to pneumonia with diverse severity. More more reports have demonstrated wide range possible systemic symptoms, including hepatic complications. Liver injury been observed in significant proportion patients, especially those severe or critical illness. COVID-19 might provoke deterioration liver function patients already diagnosed chronic diseases without pre-existing disorders. The worsens prognosis, increases risk course SARS-CoV-2 infection prolongs hospital stay. In general, who develop dysfunction are mainly males, elderly people, higher body mass index. underlying mechanisms for failure infected still unclear, nevertheless damage appears directly connected virus-induced cytopathic effects. A during hospitalization simultaneously caused by use potentially hepatotoxic drugs, antiviral agents. This minireview focuses relationship between liver, potential molecular damage, characteristics suggested factors predisposing manifestations patients.

Язык: Английский

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