Instructive Surprises in the Hydrological Functioning of Landscapes

Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 51(1), С. 277 - 299

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2023

Landscapes receive water from precipitation and then transport, store, mix, release it, both downward to streams upward vegetation. How they do this shapes floods, droughts, biogeochemical cycles, contaminant the health of terrestrial aquatic ecosystems. Because many key processes occur invisibly in subsurface, our conceptualization them has often relied heavily on physical intuition. In recent decades, however, much intuition been overthrown by field observations emerging measurement methods, particularly involving isotopic tracers. Here we summarize surprises that have transformed understanding hydrological at scale hillslopes drainage basins. These forced a shift perspective process conceptualizations are relatively static, homogeneous, linear, stationary ones predominantly dynamic, heterogeneous, nonlinear, nonstationary. ▪Surprising novel measurements transforming functioning landscapes.▪Even during storm peaks, streamflow is composed mostly stored landscape for weeks, months, or years.▪Streamflow tree uptake originate different subsurface storages seasons’ precipitation.▪Stream networks dynamically extend retract as wets dries, stream reaches lose flow into underlying aquifers.

Язык: Английский

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Unravelling spatial heterogeneity of inundation pattern domains for 2D analysis of fluvial landscapes and drainage networks

Journal of Hydrology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 632, С. 130728 - 130728

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2024

Fluvial landscape analysis represents an essential component in geomorphology, hydrology, ecology and cartography. It is traditionally focused on the transition between hillslopes channel domain, which network drainage represented by static flow lines. However, natural fluctuations of processes occurring watershed induce lateral longitudinal expansions contractions patterns variations stream surface area. These can be better understood introducing a two-dimensional (2D) view catchment hydrography, river width floodplain are included analysis. The novelty introduced this work development hydrodynamic hierarchical framework (HHF) to analyse transitions among geomorphic hydrographic features fluvial landscape, distinguishing hillslope, unchanneled valleys, floodplains, single/multithreads channels. HHF based estimation nested inundation pattern domains (IPDs) from digital elevation models 2D modeling. IPDs defined scaling laws that characterize log–log relations density unit discharge thresholds extracted direct rainfall method (DRM) approach under steady state solutions. physical significance analysed within context both physiographic rates employed as input for modeling approach. Initially, spatial heterogeneity initially used derive metrics function rate. Then, index, representative IPDs' heterogeneity, measure susceptibility area expand/contract. Finally, consistency results assessed comparison another hydrodynamic-based recently proposed literature. using challenging mountain low-relief environments, characterized multithread channels, meander cut-offs, oxbow lakes, extreme landscapes feature glacial outwash, permafrost, peatlands.

Язык: Английский

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Stream Network Dynamics of Non‐Perennial Rivers: Insights From Integrated Surface‐Subsurface Hydrological Modeling of Two Virtual Catchments

Water Resources Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 60(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Abstract Understanding the spatio‐temporal dynamics of runoff generation in headwater catchments is challenging, due to intermittent and fragmented nature surface flows. The active stream network non‐perennial rivers contracts expands, with a dynamic behavior that depends on complex interplay among climate, topography, geology. In this work, CATchment HYdrology, an integrated surface–subsurface hydrological model (ISSHM), used simulate two virtual same, spatially homogeneous, subsurface characteristics (hydraulic conductivity, porosity, water retention curves) but different morphology. We run sets simulations reproduce sequence steady‐states at catchment wetness levels transient conditions analyze joint variations length ( L ) discharge outlet Q high resolutions. shape curves differs does not depend climate forcing, as it mainly controlled by underlying topography. then analyzed suitability topographic index contributing area identify spatial configuration maximum catchments. These morphometric parameters provided good estimate distribution flowing both study Our numerical indicate ISSHMs have potential accurately describe networks processes driving such that, overall, they can be useful tools gain insights into main physical drivers streams.

Язык: Английский

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Hierarchical climate-driven dynamics of the active channel length in temporary streams

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 2, 2021

Abstract Looking across a landscape, river networks appear deceptively static. However, flowing streams expand and contract following ever-changing hydrological conditions of the surrounding environment. Despite ecological biogeochemical value rivers with discontinuous flow, deciphering temporary nature quantifying their extent remains challenging. Using unique observational dataset spanning diverse geomorphoclimatic settings, we demonstrate existence general hierarchical structuring network dynamics. Specifically, stream activation follows fixed repeatable sequence, in which least persistent sections activate only when most ones are already flowing. This phenomenon not facilitates monitoring activities, but enables development mathematical framework that elucidates how climate drives temporal variations active length. As gets drier, average fraction decreases while its relative variability increases. Our study provides novel conceptual basis for characterizing impacts.

Язык: Английский

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Drier streams despite a wetter climate in woody-encroached grasslands

Journal of Hydrology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 627, С. 130388 - 130388

Опубликована: Ноя. 3, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Probabilistic Description of Streamflow and Active Length Regimes in Rivers

Water Resources Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 58(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2022

In spite of the prevalence temporary rivers over a wide range climatic conditions, they represent relatively understudied fraction global river network. Here, we exploit well-established hydrological model and derived distribution approach to develop coupled probabilistic description for dynamics catchment discharge corresponding active network length. Analytical expressions flow duration curve (FDC) stream length (SLDC) were used provide consistent classification streamflow regimes in rivers. Two distinct (persistent erratic) three different types (ephemeral, perennial, ephemeral de facto) identified depending on value two dimensionless parameters. These key parameters, which are related underlying fluctuations sensitivity changes (here quantified by scaling exponent b), originate seven behavioral classes characterized contrasting shapes SLDCs FDCs. The analytical was tested using data gathered study catchments located Italy USA, with satisfactory performances most cases. Our empirical results show existence structural relationship between regimes, is chiefly modulated b. proposed framework represents promising tool analysis streams.

Язык: Английский

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Advancing environmental flows approaches to streamflow depletion management

Journal of Hydrology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 607, С. 127447 - 127447

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Characterizing Space‐Time Channel Network Dynamics in a Mediterranean Intermittent Catchment of Central Italy Combining Visual Surveys and Cameras

Water Resources Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 60(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Non‐perennial streams have a global prevalence, but quantitative knowledge of the temporal dynamics their flowing length—namely extent wet portion stream network—remains limited, as monitoring spatiotemporal configuration channels is challenging in most settings. This work combines high spatial resolution visual surveys and camera‐based approaches to reconstruct space‐time network 3.7 km 2 Mediterranean catchment central Italy. Information on hydrological status derived from 40 field sub‐hourly images collected with 21 stage‐cameras are combined exploiting hierarchical principle. The latter postulates existence Bayesian chain, defined local persistence nodes that dictates wetting/drying order during expansion/retraction cycles network. Our results highlight complexity study area: while number decreases dry season increases season, persistency exhibits highly heterogeneous non‐monotonic pattern, originating dynamically disconnected Despite this heterogeneity, model well approximates evolution state nodes, an accuracy exceeds 99%. Crucially, allows reconstruction even cases which part was not observed. provides novel conceptual approach for poorly accessible sites.

Язык: Английский

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On the Relation Between Active Network Length and Catchment Discharge

Geophysical Research Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 49(14)

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2022

The ever-changing hydroclimatic conditions of the landscape induce ceaseless variations in wet channel length (

Язык: Английский

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Mapping Surface Water Presence and Hyporheic Flow Properties of Headwater Stream Networks With Multispectral Satellite Imagery

Water Resources Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 59(9)

Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2023

Abstract Growth and contraction of headwater stream networks determine habitat extent, open a window to the hyporheic zone. A fundamental challenge is observation this process: wetted channel extent dynamic in space time, with length varying by orders magnitude over course single storm event catchments. To date, observational data sets are produced from boots‐on‐the‐ground campaigns, drone imaging, or flow presence sensors, which often laborious limited their spatial temporal extents. Here, we evaluate satellite imagery as means detect via machine learning methods trained on local surveys extent. Even where features smaller than imagery's resolution, surface water may be imprinted upon spectral signature an individual pixel. For two catchments northern California minimal riparian canopy cover highly train random forest model RapidEye captured contemporaneously existing predict (accuracy >91%). The used produce length‐discharge (L‐Q) relations calculate spatially distributed estimates capacity exchange. sharp break occurs main stem channels lower order tributaries, resulting stepped L‐Q relationship that cannot traditionally power law models. Remotely sensed powerful tool for mapping at high resolution.

Язык: Английский

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