Authorea (Authorea),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023
Snowmelt
drives
a
large
portion
of
streamflow
in
many
mountain
areas
the
world.
However,
water
pathways
since
snow
melts
until
reaches
streams,
and
its
associated
transit
time
is
still
largely
unknown.
Such
processes
are
important
for
drawing
conclusions
about
hydrological
role
upstream
snowpack
after
melting.
This
work
analyzes
first
influence
snowmelt
on
spring
years
different
accumulation
duration,
an
alpine
catchment
central
Spanish
Pyrenees.
A
multi-approach
research
was
performed,
by
combining
analysis
climatic,
snow,
streamflow,
piezometric
levels,
temperature,
electrical
conductivity
isotopic
(δ
O)
data.
Results
show
that
played
preeminent
response
during
spring.
Liquid
precipitation
melting
period
also
determined
shape
hydrographs.
When
cover
disappeared
from
catchment,
soil
storage
showed
sharp
decline.
Consequently,
conductivity,
temperature
δ
O
marked
tipping
point
towards
higher
values.
The
fast
to
meteorological
fluctuations,
as
well
diel
fluctuations
period,
strongly
suggests
small,
leading
short
meltwater
times.
As
consequence
this
behavior,
independently
amount
accumulated
date,
summer
remained
always
low,
with
small
runoff
peaks
driven
rainfall
events.
expected
reduction
duration
area
next
future
will
bring
earlier
rise
stream
temperature.
given
low
capacity
contribution
events
runoff,
annual
balance
seasonality
would
not
change
drastically.
Environmental Research Letters,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
18(6), С. 064043 - 064043
Опубликована: Май 23, 2023
Abstract
Seasonal
snow
is
an
integral
part
of
the
global
water
supply
and
storage
system.
Snow
droughts
impact
ecological,
agricultural,
urban
systems
by
altering
amount
timing
meltwater
delivery.
These
are
characterized
a
lack
on-the-ground
(snow
equivalent,
SWE)
that
can
be
caused
low
total
precipitation
(dry
drought)
or
proportion
falling
as
snowfall
(warm
drought),
often
combined
with
early
melt.
The
standardized
SWE
index
(SWEI)
ranks
current
status
for
given
location
compared
to
baseline
condition
identifies
existence,
but
not
cause,
drought.
In
this
work,
we
use
estimates
SWE,
temperature,
from
nine
coupled
model
intercomparison
project
phase
6
(CMIP6)
models
quantify
frequency,
severity,
type
globally
historical
future
scenarios.
Compared
(1850–1900)
drought
frequency
more
than
doubles
under
socio-economic
pathway
(SSP)2-4.5
SSP5-8.5;
all
increase
in
comes
warm
droughts.
probability
distribution
SWEI
major
snowy
basins
around
world
likely
centered
on
negative
values,
which
corresponds
severe
and,
only
moderate
changes
spread,
frequent
CMIP6
simulations
pinpoint
emerging
threat
resources
highlight
need
explore
higher
resolution
better
capture
complex
mountain
topography,
wildland
fires,
snow-forest
interactions.
Hydrological Processes,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
38(2)
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024
Abstract
The
western
U.S.
is
experiencing
shifts
in
recharge
due
to
climate
change,
and
it
currently
unclear
how
hydrologic
will
impact
geochemical
weathering
stream
concentration–discharge
(
C
–
Q
)
patterns.
Hydrologists
often
use
analyses
assess
feedbacks
between
discharge
geochemistry,
given
abundant
chemistry
data.
Chemostasis
commonly
observed,
indicating
that
controls,
rather
than
changes
discharge,
are
shaping
However,
few
studies
investigate
reactions
evolve
along
groundwater
flowpaths
before
contributes
streamflow,
resulting
potential
omission
of
important
controls
such
as
coupled
mineral
dissolution
clay
precipitation
subsequent
cation
exchange.
Here,
we
field
observations—including
age,
chemistry—to
analyse
relations
the
Manitou
Experimental
Forest
Colorado
Front
Range,
USA,
a
site
where
chemostasis
observed.
We
combine
data
with
laboratory
whole
rock
x‐ray
diffraction
soil
cation‐extraction
experiments
role
clays
play
influencing
chemistry.
Geochemist's
Workbench
identify
driving
subsequently
suggest
change
trends.
show
age
increases,
slope
solute
response
not
impacted.
Instead,
primary
drive
strong
for
silica
aluminium
enable
exchange
buffers
calcium
magnesium
concentrations,
leading
weak
chemostatic
behaviour
divalent
cations.
influence
on
highlights
importance
delineating
flowpaths,
upgradient
downgradient
Our
results
be
impacted
by
future
decreasing
flows,
thus
exists,
continue
persist
despite
recharge.
Water Resources Research,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
59(9)
Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023
Abstract
The
western
U.S.
is
experiencing
increasing
rain
to
snow
ratios
due
climate
change,
and
scientists
are
uncertain
how
changing
recharge
patterns
will
affect
future
groundwater‐surface
water
connection.
We
examined
watershed
topography
streambed
hydraulic
conductivity
impact
groundwater
age
stream
discharge
at
eight
sites
along
a
headwater
within
the
Manitou
Experimental
Forest,
CO
USA.
To
do
so,
we
measured:
(a)
continuous
discharge/level
specific
from
April
November
2021;
(b)
biweekly
chemistry;
(c)
chlorofluorocarbons
tritium
in
spring
fall;
(d)
conductivity;
(e)
local
slope.
used
chemistry
data
calculate
fluorite
saturation
states
that
were
inform
end‐member
mixing
analysis
of
streamflow
source.
then
combined
chlorofluorocarbon
estimate
composition
riparian
groundwater.
Our
suggest
drying
more
probable
where
slope
steep
high.
In
these
areas,
source
shifted
seasonally,
as
indicated
by
increases,
observed
high
fraction
streamflow,
primarily
interflow
adjacent
hillslopes.
contrast,
flat
low,
likely
persist
was
seasonally
constant
buffered
storage
alluvial
sediments.
Groundwater
paired
with
characterization
subsurface
characteristics
enabled
identification
controls
on
patterns.
Hydrological Processes,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
39(5)
Опубликована: Май 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Snowpacks
are
an
important
water
source
for
mountainous
rivers,
worldwide.
The
timing
and
volume
of
streamflow
in
systems
reliant
on
snowmelt
can
be
affected
by
changes
snow
accumulation
melt
time.
In
the
Cascade
Range
(western
USA),
seasonal
snowpacks
predicted
to
decrease
over
50%
within
next
century.
During
last
decade,
have
varied
between
17%
150%
median
1981–2023
peak
snowpack
values.
To
understand
how
variation
could
affect
Willamette
River
streamflow,
we
monitored
stable
isotopes
13
years
from
two
sites
mainstem
60
streams
draining
small
catchments
across
Basin.
Small
catchment
isotope
values
integrated
dampened
precipitation
with
elevation,
providing
a
marker
determining
mean
elevation
which
was
derived.
winter,
while
accumulates
mountains,
most
originates
rainfall
at
lower
elevations.
summer
low‐flow
conditions,
river
derived
winter
that
accumulated
elevations
above
1200
m,
represents
<
12%
Basin
area.
Peak
equivalent
previous
positively
correlated
proportion
>
m
during
period,
but
both
high
(>
m)
temperature
trends
explained
nearly
as
much
variance
equivalent.
However,
after
accounting
climate
trends,
estimated
amount
high‐elevation
has
decreased
past
years.
Improved
understanding
origin
of,
in,
will
aid
reconciling
human
demands
biological
instream
requirements
periods
low
snowpack.
Abstract
Despite
much
interest
in
relationships
among
carbon
and
water
forests,
few
studies
assess
how
accumulation
scales
with
use
forested
watersheds
varied
histories.
This
study
quantified
tree
growth,
efficiency,
carbon‐water
tradeoffs
of
young
versus
mature/old‐growth
forest
three
small
(13–22
ha)
the
H.J.
Andrews
Experimental
Forest,
Oregon,
USA.
To
quantify
scale
from
trees
to
watersheds,
tree‐ring
records
greenness
wetness
indices
remote
sensing
were
combined
long‐term
vegetation,
climate,
streamflow
data
(trees
∼45
years
age)
a
watershed
150–500
age).
Biomass
production
was
closely
related
use;
efficiency
(basal
area
increment
per
unit
evapotranspiration)
lower;
steeper
plantations
compared
old‐growth
for
which
growth
record
begins
1850s.
Greenness
Landsat
imagery
not
significant
predictors
or
over
period
1984
2017,
soil
C
N
did
differ
significantly
watersheds.
Multiple
lines
evidence
show
that
mature
store
accumulate
more
carbon,
are
drought
resistant,
better
sustain
availability
forests.
These
results
provide
basis
reconstructions
predictions
potentially
broadly
applicable,
because
first‐order
occupy
80%–90%
large
river
basins
representative
history
Pacific
Northwest
region.