In vitro modeling of feline gut fermentation: a comprehensive analysis of fecal microbiota and metabolic activity

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2025

The gut microbiota (GM) is a large and diverse microbial community that plays essential roles in host health. vitro fermentation model of the fecal GM serves as valuable complement to food health research both humans animals. Despite advancements standardized protocols for culturing human GM, concerning animals—particularly companion animals—remains limited. This study aims identify optimal method cat by comprehensively analyzing characteristics. We evaluated seven culture media previously used simulate microenvironment humans, dogs, cats: anaerobic medium base (AMB), Minimum (MM), Pet (PM), VI (VI), VL (VL), Yeast (JM), yeast casitone fatty acid agar (YCFA). Fresh samples were fermented these 48 h, followed 16S rRNA sequencing assess bacterial composition targeted metabolite monitoring during fermentation. results revealed substrate differentially impacts structure High levels carbon nitrogen sources can substantially increase gas production, particularly CO 2 , while also significantly enhancing production short-chain acids (SCFAs). Additionally, substrates with high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio promote more SCFAs biogenic amines, enrich Bacteroidaceae family, even when total amount lower. Comprehensive analysis metabolites reveals PM effectively simulates nutrient-deficient simulation maintains stability lower levels. Therefore, using without focusing on specific genera, represents most suitable model. finding contributes understanding conditions may provide new approach investigating pharmaceuticals related

Язык: Английский

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Taurine ameliorates deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal injury in piglets: Restoration of mitochondrial function linked to the PGC1α-NRF1/2 axis

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 292, С. 117938 - 117938

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Characterization of avian β-defensin genes in Galliformes reveals widespread evolutionary diversification and distinct evolutionary relationships with infection risk

BMC Genomics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(1)

Опубликована: Март 3, 2025

Avian β-defensins (AvBDs) represent a key family of antimicrobial host defense peptides in birds. Accumulating evidence suggests that the evolutionary trajectory β-defensin genes is specific to gene, timescale, and species involved, implying species-specific ecological life-history differences drive divergent selective pressures on these genes. However, their dynamics, particularly interactions with factors traits, remain insufficiently explored. Through comprehensive survey 25 spanning all major clades Galliformes, 354 AvBD were identified. Comparative sequence analysis, genomic organization, phylogenetic studies collectively reveal significant diversification characterized by gene duplication, pseudogenization, loss across species. Notably, chicken AvBD3 exhibits its coding regions, while AvBD6 AvBD7 appear have copy number variations, paralogs being especially prominent. Moreover, positive selection was more frequently observed recently diverged lineages compared ancestral ones. Using 70 samples from eight galliform species, study further identified prevalence amino acid alleles. Phylogenetic comparative analysis demonstrated evolution nine (AvBD2, -4, -5, -8, -9, -10, -11, -12, -14) significantly associated characteristics. Additionally, rates showed distinct relationship inferred infection risk, likely reflecting multifunctionality potential trade-offs between immune other biological functions. This cross-species identification systematic AvBDs Galliformes deepen our understanding co-evolution peptides, offering valuable insights into natural biology evolution, paving way for future applications as alternatives traditional antibiotics.

Язык: Английский

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Steric Inhibition by Butyryl Groups on Gut Microbial Amylases Significantly Impacts In Vitro Fecal Fermentation of Butyrylated Starch

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 6, 2025

Colonic starch fermentation requires the assistance of gut microbial amylases (GMAs). However, it remains unknown whether chemically substituted butyryl groups induce a steric inhibitory effect on GMAs analogous to that observed with pancreatic amylase during intestinal digestion butyrylated starch. In this study, we investigated in vitro and enzymatic hydrolysis performance three types The results showed esterolysis was rate-limiting process, partially inhibited by inhibition GMAs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further confirmed negative correlation between rate relative content accessible microbiota. Moreover, analyses characteristics resulting hydrolysate composition demonstrated relatively high multiple attack degree (MAD) made more susceptible groups, thus producing malto-oligosaccharides, which are preferred butyrate-producing bacteria. These findings provide important insights into behavior from perspective interactions

Язык: Английский

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Melatonin’s Role in Hair Follicle Growth and Development: A Cashmere Goat Perspective

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(7), С. 2844 - 2844

Опубликована: Март 21, 2025

Hair follicles, unique skin appendages, undergo cyclic phases (anagen, catagen, telogen) governed by melatonin and associated molecular pathways. Melatonin, synthesized in the pineal gland, skin, gut, orchestrates these cycles through antioxidant activity signaling cascades (e.g., Wnt, BMP). This review examines melatonin’s biosynthesis across tissues, its regulation of cashmere growth patterns, interplay with non-coding RNAs gut–skin axis. Recent advances highlight dual role enhancing capacity (via Keap1-Nrf2) modulating gene expression Wnt10b, CTNNB1) to promote hair follicle proliferation. By integrating multi-omics insights, we construct a network regulatory mechanisms, offering strategies improve yield quality while advancing therapies for human alopecia.

Язык: Английский

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Protective Effects of Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharides Against Type 2 Diabetic Mice Induced by High-Fat Diet and Low-Dose Streptozotocin

Toxics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(4), С. 255 - 255

Опубликована: Март 28, 2025

Polysaccharides possessing hypoglycemic effects have shown promising results in treating diabetes. Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) is one of the most active ingredients Chinese medicine P. Redoute with many biological activities. However, its efficacy alleviating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unexplored. Our aim to evaluate protective effect PSP against T2DM by measuring body weight and serum biochemical indicators, examining histopathological images pancreatic liver tissues, detecting fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content, analyzing intestinal flora diversity microbiota structure mice. The findings indicated that treatment mice could obviously decrease fasting blood glucose insulin levels, ameliorate tolerance, resistance, lipid, inflammatory factor attenuate damage, increase SCFA content. In addition, modulate composition gut mice, resulting relative abundance Firmicutes decreasing Bacteroidetes increasing, along beneficial significantly especially SCFA-producing bacteria. indicate administration protected controlling disordered glucolipid metabolism modulating microbiota, which provides a valuable strategy for utilization treat T2DM.

Язык: Английский

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Multi‐Omics Analysis of Gut Microbiome and Host Metabolism in Different Populations of Chinese Alligators (alligator sinensis) During Various Reintroduction Phases

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Reintroduction plays a significant role in the self‐maintenance and reconstruction of wild animal populations, serving as communication bridge between captive animals. The Chinese alligator ( Alligator sinensis ) is distinct endangered reptile species found China. mechanisms by which artificially bred alligators adapt following their release into remain poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate alterations gut microbiomes metabolic phenotypes during reintroduction. During alligator's reintroduction, Fusobacterium Cetobacterium became more abundant, while typical pathogens declined significantly. type changed from Acinetobacter . construction microbial community was dominated neutral (random) processes shifted towards deterministic with progression In terms function, reintroduction significantly upregulated expression host immune‐related genes decreased bacterial pathogenic antibiotic resistance genes. Metagenomic metabolomic KEGG enrichment analyses indicate that glucoside hydrolase families 13 23—alongside glycolysis gluconeogenesis pathways—may play pivotal roles energy metabolism, host‐pathogen interactions, homeostasis maintenance for alligators. Differential metabolite analysis identified upregulation metabolites related neuroendocrine immune modulation down‐regulation anti‐inflammatory Association showed there were co‐metabolic effects microorganisms metabolites, coordinated adaptive interaction. provides insights synergistic adaptation environment

Язык: Английский

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Maternal Lactobacillus amylovorus-derived extracellular vesicles modulate M2 macrophage polarization to promote early-life gut development in offspring

Chemical Engineering Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 162704 - 162704

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Characterization of the diversity, genomic features, host bacteria, and distribution of crAss-like phages in the pig gut microbiome

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2025

Phages play an important role in shaping the gut microbiome. CrAss-like phages, which are key members of virome, show high abundance human and have attracted increasing interest. However, few studies been found pigs, distribution crAss-like phages across broader pig populations remains unknown. Here, we obtained 1,251 phage genomes from 403 metagenomes publicly available a virome dataset constructed by ourselves. These were further clustered into 533 virus operational taxonomic units (vOTUs). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that guts distributed four well-known family-level clusters (Alpha, Beta, Zeta, Delta) but absent Gamma Epsilon clusters. Genomic structure identified 149 vOTUs utilize alternative genetic codes. Gene blocks encoding replication assembly proteins varied Approximately 64.73% genes lacked functional annotations, highlighting gap understanding their potential. Numerous anti-CRISPR protein genomes, CAZymes encoded these primarily lysozymes. Host prediction indicated bacterial hosts belonged to Prevotella , Parabacteroides UBA4372 . We observed interactions between copri might possible effect on fat deposition pigs. Finally, all detected exhibited low prevalence populations, suggesting heterogeneity compositions. This study provides resources novel insights for investigating phage-bacteria benefits research effects health production traits.

Язык: Английский

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Integrated 16S rRNA and Metagenomic Sequencing Reveals the Distribution of Key Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Duck Gut Microbiota

Poultry Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 104(7), С. 105206 - 105206

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2025

The duck gut microbiota is essential for host health and considered a potential reservoir antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, research on ARGs in the limited. This study collected 120 intestinal content samples from five segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colorectum) of ducks raised under two rearing conditions (with or without an open-air swimming pool). We compiled comprehensive inventory microbial conducted analysis composition function across all using 16S rRNA gene sequencing combined with metagenomics. findings revealed that Firmicutes were most prevalent microbes segments. In foregut ileum), functions mainly related to genetic information processing such as transcription, translation, replication, glycosynthesis/gluconeogenesis. Conversely, hindgut (cecum colorectum), primarily associated biosynthesis secondary metabolites various metabolic pathways. indicated higher relative abundance cecum colorectum (P < 0.05) presence pool compared absence one. Furthermore, through co-occurrence network analysis, we identified Bacteroides, Roseburia, Ruminococcus, Blautia hosts tetQ, tet32, tet37, vanR, vanG, acrB hindgut. provides new insights into complex relationship between community intestines, laying theoretical groundwork understanding transmission dynamics these ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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