<p>Cancer-Derived Exosomes: Their Role in Cancer Biology and Biomarker Development</p>

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Год журнала: 2020, Номер Volume 15, С. 8019 - 8036

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2020

Abstract: Exosomes are a subset of tiny extracellular vesicles manufactured by all cells and present in body fluids. They produced actively tumor cells, which released utilized to facilitate growth. Their characteristics enable them assist major cancer hallmarks, leveraged fostering growth spread while implementing ways escape elimination from the host environment. This review updates on latest progress roles cancer-derived exosomes, 30– 100 nm size, deregulating paracrine trafficking microenvironment circulation. Thus, exosomes being exploited diagnostic biomarker development, with its potential clinical applications as therapeutic targets exosome‐based nanoparticle drug delivery strategies for therapy. Ongoing studies were retrieved PubMed ® Scopus database ClinicalTrials.gov registry review, highlighting how entirely different cell lines rely genetic information carried their homotypic heterotypic intercellular communications favor proliferation invasion, establishing pre-metastatic niche welcoming cells’ arrival. We will elaborate tumor-derived proliferation, metastasis hematopoietic (leukemia myeloma), epithelial (breast cancer), mesenchymal (soft tissue sarcoma osteosarcoma) cancers. Cancer-derived exosomal is observed several types liquid or solid tumors, confirming role hallmark enabler. enriched signals arising characteristic DNA, RNA, microRNA, lncRNA, along specific gene expression profiles, protein, lipid composition cargo shed into blood, saliva, urine, ascites, cervicovaginal lavage, studied diagnostic, prognostic, predictive biomarker. reveal research efforts exploiting use nanoparticles improve overall capability clinic. Keywords: tumor-released carcinoma-associated fibroblasts, exosome cargo, exosome-induced chemoresistance, hallmarks cancer, tumor-stromal

Язык: Английский

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Roles and mechanisms of exosomal non-coding RNAs in human health and diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2021

Exosomes play a role as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, thus exhibiting pleiotropic activities to homeostasis regulation. Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly microRNAs (miRNAs), long (lncRNAs), and circular (circRNAs), are closely related variety biological functional aspects human health. When the exosomal ncRNAs undergo tissue-specific changes due diverse internal or external disorders, they can cause tissue dysfunction, aging, diseases. In this review, we comprehensively discuss underlying regulatory mechanisms exosomes in addition, explore current knowledge on roles miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs health diseases, including cancers, metabolic neurodegenerative cardiovascular autoimmune infectious determine their potential implication biomarker identification therapeutic exploration.

Язык: Английский

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Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 6

Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2019

Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of organisms at molecular to whole-body level, inducing so-called state 'stress'. Stress affects an organism's welfare status induces energy-consuming mechanisms combat subsequent ill effects; thus, individual may be immunocompromised, making them vulnerable pathogens. The information presented here has been extensively reviewed, compiled analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Science Direct, other scientific databases. levels can monitored by quantitative qualitative measurement biomarkers. Prominent markers stress include thermal like heat shock proteins (HSPs), innate immune Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), oxidative markers, chemical secretions in saliva urine. In addition, biomarkers are thought play critical roles prognosis stress-related diseases disorders, therapy guidance. Moreover, different components have identified as potent mediators cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, nephrological which also employed evaluate these conditions precisely, but with stringent validation specificity. Considerable advances made detection, quantitation, application present review describes current progress identifying biomarkers, their prognostic therapeutic values.

Язык: Английский

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Tumorigenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic potential of exosomes in liver cancer

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2019

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, also called primary liver cancer) is one of the most fatal cancers in world. Due to insidiousness onset HCC and lack effective treatment methods, prognosis extremely poor, 5-year average survival rate less than 10%. Exosomes are nano-sized microvesicle contain various components such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids. important carriers for signal transmission or transportation material from cell between cells tissues. In recent years, exosomes have been considered potential therapeutic targets HCC. A large number reports indicate that play a key role establishment an microenvironment, well development, progression, invasion, metastasis, even diagnosis, treatment, However, exact molecular mechanisms roles these processes remain unclear. We believe elucidation regulatory mechanism HCC-related its signaling pathway analysis clinical applications diagnosis can provide useful clues future regimens This article discusses summarizes research progress their applications.

Язык: Английский

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Current Progresses of Exosomes as Cancer Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers

International Journal of Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 15(1), С. 1 - 11

Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2018

Cancer related exosomes are nano-size membrane vesicles that play important roles in tumor microenvironment.Emerging evidence indicates can load unique cargoes, including proteins and nucleic acids reflect the condition of tumor.Therefore, being used as diagnostic prognostic biomarkers for various cancers.In this review, we describe current progresses cancer exosomes, their biogenesis, molecular contents, biological functions, sources where they derived from, methods detection.We will also discuss exosomal utilization them early diagnosis prognostics cancer.

Язык: Английский

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Circulating biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 19(10), С. 670 - 681

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Current Status and Perspective Biomarkers in AFP Negative HCC: Towards Screening for and Diagnosing Hepatocellular Carcinoma at an Earlier Stage

Pathology & Oncology Research, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 26(2), С. 599 - 603

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Emerging Function and Clinical Values of Exosomal MicroRNAs in Cancer

Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 16, С. 791 - 804

Опубликована: Май 15, 2019

Exosomes are a subset of membrane-bound extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging from 30 to 100 nm. enclose variety molecules, such as lipids, proteins, and non-coding RNAs. In the past decades, microRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted great attention in cancer research, they play an important role occurrence development cancer. Increasing evidence indicates that tumor cells communicate not only other but also present microenvironment via secretion transfer exosomal miRNAs. More importantly, miRNAs found serve signaling molecules regulate growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, sensitivity chemotherapy, immune evasion. Deregulated expression is early event carcinogenesis may reflect malignant characteristics Owing wide existence high stability body fluids, represent novel class non-invasive biomarkers for this review, we highlight recent advances on functional pathogenesis. 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Язык: Английский

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Exosomes and cancer - Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic vehicle

Oncogenesis, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2022

Abstract Exosomes belong to a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles secreted by the dynamic multistep endocytosis process and carry diverse functional molecular cargoes, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids (DNA, messenger noncoding RNA), metabolites promote intercellular communication. Proteins RNA are among most abundant contents in exosomes; they have biological functions selectively packaged into exosomes. derived from tumor, stromal immune cells contribute multiple stages cancer progression as well resistance therapy. In this review, we will discuss biogenesis exosomes their roles development. Since specific within originate origin, property allows function valuable biomarkers. We also potential use diagnostic prognostic biomarkers or predictors for different therapeutic strategies cancers. Furthermore, applications direct targets engineered vehicles drugs an important field exosome study. Better understanding biology may pave way promising exosome-based clinical applications.

Язык: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles as biomarkers in liver diseases: A clinician's point of view

Journal of Hepatology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 73(6), С. 1507 - 1525

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2020

Язык: Английский

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