The role of HLA genetic variants in COVID‐19 susceptibility, severity, and mortality: A global review

Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 38(1-2)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Background The COVID‐19 pandemic has had a profound global impact, with variations in susceptibility, severity, and mortality rates across different regions. While many factors can contribute to the spread impact of disease, specifically human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genetic variants have emerged as potential contributors outcomes. Methods In this comprehensive narrative review, we conducted thorough literature search identify relevant studies investigating association between HLA Additionally, analyzed allelic frequency data from diverse populations assess differences incidence severity. Results Our review provides insights into immunological mechanisms involving HLA‐mediated responses highlights research directions therapeutic interventions. We found evidence suggesting that certain alleles, such HLA‐A02, may confer lower risk COVID‐19, while others, like HLA‐C04, increase severe symptoms mortality. Furthermore, our analysis allele distributions revealed significant among populations. Conclusion Considering host variations, particularly variants, is crucial for understanding susceptibility These findings implications personalized treatment interventions based on an individual's profile. However, further needed unravel precise underlying observed associations explore targeted therapies or preventive measures variants.

Язык: Английский

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A bioinformatic analysis of T-cell epitope diversity in SARS-CoV-2 variants: association with COVID-19 clinical severity in the United States population

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Май 9, 2024

Long-term immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires the identification of T-cell epitopes affecting host immunogenicity. In this computational study, we explored CD8 + epitope diversity estimated in 27 most common HLA-A and HLA-B alleles, representing United States population. Analysis 16 SARS-CoV-2 variants [B.1, Alpha (B.1.1.7), five Delta (AY.100, AY.25, AY.3, AY.3.1, AY.44), nine Omicron (BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.4, BA.5, BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB.1, XBB.1.5)] analyzed MHC class I alleles revealed that conservation was at 87.6%–96.5% spike (S), 92.5%–99.6% membrane (M), 94.6%–99% nucleocapsid (N). As virus mutated, an increasing proportion S experienced reduced predicted binding affinity: 70% BQ.1-XBB.1.5 decreased binding, as compared with ~3% ~15% earlier strains AY.100–AY.44 BA.1–BA.5, respectively. Additionally, identified several novel candidate HLA may be more susceptible to disease, notably HLA-A*32:01 , HLA-A*26:01 HLA-B*53:01 relatively protected from such HLA-A*31:01 HLA-B*40:01 HLA-B*44:03 HLA-B*57:01. Our findings support hypothesis viral genetic variation immunogenicity contributes determining clinical severity COVID-19. Achieving long-term COVID-19 will require understanding relationship between T cells, variants, genetics. This project is one first explore putatively impacts much

Язык: Английский

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Analysis of longitudinal social media for monitoring symptoms during a pandemic

Journal of Biomedical Informatics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 104778 - 104778

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Emerging Mechanisms and Biomarkers Associated with T-Cells and B-Cells in Autoimmune Disorders

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 68(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) after severe/critical COVID-19 or COVID-19 vaccination

European journal of medical research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 30(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025

The global COVID-19 pandemic was initiated by the appearance of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, presenting a spectrum clinical manifestations from asymptomatic cases to severe pneumonia and multi-organ dysfunction, with some leading death induced hyperinflammatory responses. Neurological have been reported more than one-third patients, particularly instances. While vaccines are pivotal combating infectious diseases enhancing public health, reports linked Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) vaccination infection. This study seeks analyze four GBS associated COVID-19. Clinical demographic data were collected all patients diagnosed biobank, including those autoimmune conditions resulting infection or vaccination, who referred Alzahra University Hospital Isfahan, Iran, between October 2020 December. 2023. affected presented. includes unique family case involving daughter passed away due following AstraZeneca her mother succumbed post-COVID-19 GBS, father year earlier. These provide valuable insights into investigating potential genetic epigenetic influences on hyperinflammation. Furthermore, occurrence exposure suggests shared pathways autoimmunity induction vaccines.

Язык: Английский

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POLYMORPHISMS IN HLA GENES AMONG BRAZILIAN PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED WITH COVID-19: INSIGHTS FROM A MULTICENTRIC STUDY

Microbial Pathogenesis, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 107542 - 107542

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Association between HLA genetics and SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large real-world cohort

Genes and Immunity, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2025

Genetic variation in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region is thought to influence susceptibility and severity of a variety infectious diseases. Several studies have explored possible relationship between HLA genetics SARS-CoV-2 infection, although mixed results, small sample sizes, difficulty controlling for exposure risk made it difficult draw firm conclusions. Here, dataset 419,234 subjects with genotype data COVID-19 PCR test results was studied. A baseline analysis performed examine association non-HLA factors on positivity. Then, multivariate logistic regressions, incorporating single paired alleles, were then corrected significant from analysis. Proxies socioeconomic status significantly associated positivity across all ancestry groups Forty-one alleles displayed positivity; after risk, only eight associations remained. Additionally, two allele pairs correction. Of variables, showed greatest effect size. The this study suggest that many, if not all, reported infection may be spurious, owing confounding factors.

Язык: Английский

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Causal association and shared genetics between telomere length and COVID-19 outcomes: New evidence from the latest large-scale summary statistics

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 23, С. 2429 - 2441

Опубликована: Май 10, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Monitoring of Immune Memory by Phenotypical Lymphocyte Subsets Identikit: An Observational Study in a Blood Donors’ Cohort

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(7), С. 733 - 733

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2024

The cross-talk between the innate and adaptive immune response represents first defense weapon against threat of pathogens. Substantial evidence has shown a relationship phenotype lymphocytes COVID-19 disease severity and/or implication in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recently, belonging ABO blood groups been investigated as correlation factor disease. This pilot study lymphocyte typing cohort donors understand underlying mechanism infection linked group. consisted 20–64-year-old subjects, without comorbidities, from both sexes, who were vaccinated with previous or no history. Whole samples, collected at A.O.R.N. Sant’Anna San Sebastiano Hospital (Campania Region), processed by multiparametric cytofluorimetric assay, characterize CD4+ helper CD8+ cytotoxic T cell CD3+ subpopulations. CD45RA, CCR7, CD27, CD28, CD57 PD-1 markers delineate peripheral T-cell maturation stages. Differences detected types CD3+, gated on percentage. These results contribute identifying memory “identikit” profile disease, thus leading useful tool precision medicine.

Язык: Английский

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Genomic Evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Córdoba, Argentina (2021–2022): Analysis of Uncommon and Prevalent Spike Mutations

Viruses, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(12), С. 1877 - 1877

Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2024

Understanding the evolutionary patterns and geographic spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly Omicron, is essential for effective public health responses. This study focused on genomic analysis Omicron variant in Cordoba, Argentina from 2021 to 2022. Phylogenetic revealed dominant presence BA.1 BA.2 lineages, with BA.5 emerging earlier than BA.4, aligning observations other regions. Haplotype network showed significant genetic divergence within samples, forming distinct clusters. In comparison global datasets, we identified mutations genomes (A27S, Y145D, L212I) situated NTD region Spike protein. These mutations, while not widespread globally, higher prevalence our region. Of particular interest were Y145D L212I substitutions, previously unreported Argentina. silico that both impact binding affinity T-cell epitopes HLA type I II alleles. Notably, these alleles are among most common Argentinian population, some associated protection against others susceptibility infection. findings strongly suggest prevalent likely influence immunogenicity protein contribute immune evasion mechanisms. provides valuable insights into dynamics highlights unique potential implications COVID-19 vaccines.

Язык: Английский

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