Amoxicillin adsorption onto oil palm trunk‐derived activated carbon: synthesis optimization, modelling of mass transfer and ultrasonic regeneration

Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2025

Abstract BACKGROUND Antibiotics such as amoxicillin (AMC) can persist in the environment due to their stable molecular structures. This study aimed (i) optimize synthesis of oil palm trunk‐based activated carbon (OPTAC) for AMC removal, (ii) model adsorption process using mass transfer (MTM) and (iii) evaluate OPTAC regeneration through ultrasonic washing. was synthesized potassium hydroxide activation followed by dioxide treatment. RESULTS Response surface methodology (RSM) identified optimal conditions at 343 W, 12.87 min an impregnation ratio 2.00 g −1 . Under these conditions, predicted uptake 146.44 mg (actual: 154.15 ; 5.00% error), yield 42.78% 41.19%; 3.86% error). The AMC–OPTAC Freundlich isotherm, with a Langmuir capacity ( Q m ) 238.67 Kinetic analysis revealed that pseudo‐first‐order best described system. MTM yielded average constant k 0.23 L h , rate 0.00051 estimated area 611.34 2 closely matching measured mesopore (647.82 5.63% Thermodynamic confirmed physisorption dominant mechanism, spontaneous endothermic behavior. In studies, washing outperformed microwave reactivation, maintaining removal efficiency above 50% five cycles, compared three CONCLUSIONS RSM successfully optimized yield, while effectively active involved process. © 2025 Society Chemical Industry (SCI).

Язык: Английский

Electronic differences based on fluoroquinolone and piperazine groups: Preparation of copper-manganese doped biochar to optimize adsorption patterns and selective recognition of ciprofloxacin

Separation and Purification Technology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 133068 - 133068

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский