Extracellular vesicle analysis

Nature Reviews Methods Primers, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 3(1)

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Mitochondria as secretory organelles and therapeutic cargos

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 56(1), С. 66 - 85

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024

Abstract Mitochondria have been primarily considered intracellular organelles that are responsible for generating energy cell survival. However, accumulating evidence suggests mitochondria secreted into the extracellular space under physiological and pathological conditions, these play diverse roles by regulating metabolism, immune response, or differentiation/maturation in target cells. Furthermore, increasing amount of research shows therapeutic effects local systemic administration various disease models. These findings led to growing interest exploring as potential agents. Here, we discuss emerging extracellularly shed light on their functions beyond production. Additionally, provide information outcomes mitochondrial transplantation animal models diseases an update ongoing clinical trials, underscoring using a novel intervention.

Язык: Английский

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Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogen: Role in Biopsy for Precision Medicine

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 124(20), С. 11242 - 11347

Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2024

Biopsy, including tissue and liquid biopsy, offers comprehensive real-time physiological pathological information for disease detection, diagnosis, monitoring. Fluorescent probes are frequently selected to obtain adequate on processes in a rapid minimally invasive manner based their advantages biopsy. However, conventional fluorescent have been found show aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) properties, impeding greater progresses this area. Since the discovery of aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) promoted advancements molecular bionanomaterials owing unique high quantum yield (QY) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR),

Язык: Английский

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Extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy biomarkers and their application in precision immuno-oncology

Biomarker Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2023

Abstract While the field of precision oncology is rapidly expanding and more targeted options are revolutionizing cancer treatment paradigms, therapeutic resistance particularly to immunotherapy remains a pressing challenge. This can be largely attributed dynamic tumor-stroma interactions that continuously alter microenvironment. date most advancements have been made through examining clinical utility tissue-based biomarkers, their invasive nature lack holistic representation evolving disease in real-time manner could result suboptimal decisions. Thus, using minimally-invasive approaches identify biomarkers predict monitor response as well alert emergence recurrences critical need. Currently, research efforts shifting towards developing liquid biopsy-based obtained from patients over course disease. Liquid biopsy represents unique opportunity intercellular communication within tumor microenvironment which occur exchange extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs lipid bilayer membrane nanoscale transfer plethora biomolecules mediate crosstalk, shape microenvironment, modify drug response. The capture innovative approaches, such microfluidics, magnetic beads, aptamers, allow analysis via high throughput multi-omics techniques facilitate use for biomarker discovery. Artificial intelligence, machine deep learning algorithms, advancing analyses uncover candidate predictive signatures key translation into trials. With increasing recognition role mediating immune evasion valuable source, these snapshots cellular promising become an important tool spur strategies block immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss emerging describing current advances isolation function mediators We also highlight recent lung melanoma studies point application potential immuno-oncology.

Язык: Английский

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Mitochondrial transfer between cell crosstalk – An emerging role in mitochondrial quality control

Ageing Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 91, С. 102038 - 102038

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles meet mitochondria: Potential roles in regenerative medicine

Pharmacological Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 206, С. 107307 - 107307

Опубликована: Июль 14, 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), secreted by most cells, act as natural cell-derived carriers for delivering proteins, nucleic acids, and organelles between cells. Mitochondria are highly dynamic responsible energy production cellular physiological processes. Recent evidence has highlighted the pivotal role of EVs in intercellular mitochondrial content transfer, including DNA (mtDNA), intact mitochondria. Intriguingly, mitochondria crucial mediators release, suggesting an interplay their potential implications physiology pathology. However, this expanding field, much remains unknown regarding function mechanism crosstalk transport EVs. Herein, we shed light on pathological functions mitochondria, mechanisms underlying interactions, delivery mitochondria-rich EVs, clinical applications regenerative medicine.

Язык: Английский

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Nutrient availability regulates the secretion and function of immune cell–derived extracellular vesicles through metabolic rewiring

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(7)

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2024

Extracellular vesicle (EV)-based immunotherapeutics have emerged as promising strategy for treating diseases, and thus, a better understanding of the factors that regulate EV secretion function can provide insights into developing advanced therapies. Here, we report nutrient availability, even changes in individual components, may affect biogenesis composition immune cells [e.g., macrophages (Mφs)]. As proof concept, EVs from M1-Mφ under glutamine-depleted conditions (EV

Язык: Английский

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Exercise-induced extracellular vesicles in reprogramming energy metabolism in cancer

Frontiers in Oncology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

Cancer is caused by complex interactions between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, making prevention strategies, including exercise, a promising avenue for intervention. Physical activity associated with reduced cancer incidence progression systemic anti-cancer effects, improved tumor suppression prolonged survival in preclinical models. Exercise impacts the body's nutrient balance stimulates release of several exercise-induced factors into circulation. The mechanisms how exercise modulates energy metabolism microenvironment through effects mediated, part, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are still unknown. By transferring bioactive cargo such as miRNAs, proteins metabolites, EVs may influence cells altering glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation, potentially shifting metabolic plasticity - hallmark cancer. This short review explores roles mediators to reprogram cellular exchanging information inside microenvironment, influencing immune cells, fibroblast distant cells. Considering this knowledge, further functional studies production pathways could inform more specific interventions enhance therapy improve patient outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Liver‐Secreted Extracellular Vesicles Promote Cirrhosis‐Associated Skeletal Muscle Injury Through mtDNA‐cGAS/STING Axis

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025

Abstract Skeletal muscle atrophy (sarcopenia) is a serious complication of liver cirrhosis, and chronic inflammation plays pivotal role in its pathologenesis. However, the detailed mechanism through which injured tissues mediate skeletal inflammatory injury remains elusive. Here, it reported that hepatocytes might secrete mtDNA‐enriched extracellular vesicles (EVs) to trigger by activating cGAS‐STING pathway. Briefly, secreted increased amounts EVs into circulation, are then engulfed primarily macrophages subsequently induce signaling its‐mediated response muscles. In contrast, suppression hepatic EV secretion or STING significantly alleviated cirrhosis‐induced vivo. Circulating from cirrhotic patients showed higher levels mtDNA, EV‐mtDNA positively correlated with severity injury. hepatocytes, mitochondrial damage promoted release cytosolic mtDNA subsequent EVs. This study reveals hepatocyte‐derived via mtDNA‒STING axis, while targeted blockade represents potential therapeutic approach for preventing cirrhosis‐associated atrophy.

Язык: Английский

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Mitochondrial nucleic acids in innate immunity and beyond

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 55(12), С. 2508 - 2518

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2023

Abstract Mitochondria participate in a wide range of cellular processes. One essential function mitochondria is to be platform for antiviral signaling proteins during the innate immune response viral infection. Recently, studies have revealed that mitochondrion-derived DNAs and RNAs are recognized as non-self molecules act immunogenic ligands. More importantly, cytosolic release these mitochondrial nucleic acids (mt-NAs) closely associated with pathogenesis human diseases accompanying aberrant activation. The (mtDNAs) via BAX/BAK activation and/or VDAC1 oligomerization activates inflammasome assembly. In addition, double-stranded (mt-dsRNAs) sensed by pattern recognition receptors cytosol induce type I interferon expression initiate apoptotic programs. Notably, mt-NAs also mediate adipocyte differentiation contribute mitogenesis thermogenesis. this review, we summarize recent pathways regulated mt-NAs, emerging physiological roles mt-NAs.

Язык: Английский

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