Biomolecules,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(12), С. 1571 - 1571
Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2024
Lipopolysaccharide
(LPS)
is
a
potent
endotoxin
released
at
high
concentrations
in
acute
infections,
causing
massive
host
inflammatory
response.
Accumulating
evidence
indicates
that
dysbiosis-associated
chronic
low
levels
of
circulating
LPS
can
sustain
prolonged
sterile
low-grade
inflammation
increases
the
risk
several
non-communicable
diseases.
Interventions
aimed
increasing
abundance
beneficial/probiotic
bacteria,
including
Akkermansia
muciniphila,
result
reduced
inflammation,
favoring
metabolic
and
immune
health.
Immunosuppression
common
feature
conditions
dendritic
cells
(DCs)
represent
key
targets
given
their
ability
to
shift
balance
toward
immunity
or
tolerance.
In
this
study,
effects
from
pathogenic
(Escherichia
coli
Salmonella
enterica)
probiotic
(Akkermansia
muciniphila)
bacterial
species
on
human
DC
generation
functions
were
compared.
We
report
monocyte
precursor
priming
with
Escherichia
enterica
forces
differentiation
PD-L1-expressing
DCs,
releasing
IL-6
IL-10,
impairs
capacity
drive
full
TCR-Vδ2
T
cell
activation.
Conversely,
comparable
muciniphila
promoted
DCs
preserved
activating
potential
immunostimulatory
properties.
These
results
shed
light
mechanisms
underlying
impact
endotoxemia
disease
pathogenesis,
increase
our
understanding
immunomodulatory
muciniphila.
Theranostics,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(5), С. 1715 - 1740
Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2025
Chronic
liver
diseases,
primarily
metabolic
dysfunction-associated
steatotic
disease
(MASLD),
and
alcoholic
(MetALD),
viral
hepatitis,
can
lead
to
fibrosis,
cirrhosis,
cancer.
Hepatic
stellate
cell
(HSC)
activation
plays
a
central
role
in
the
development
of
myofibroblasts
fibrogenesis
chronic
diseases.
However,
HSC
is
influenced
by
complex
microenvironments
within
liver,
which
are
largely
shaped
interactions
between
HSCs
various
other
types.
Changes
phenotypes
mechanisms
involve
glucose,
lipid,
cholesterol
metabolism,
oxidative
stress,
unfolded
protein
response
(UPR),
autophagy,
ferroptosis,
senescence,
nuclear
receptors.
Clinical
interventions
targeting
these
pathways
have
shown
promising
results
addressing
inflammation
as
well
modulating
glucose
lipid
metabolism
stress
responses.
Therefore,
comprehensive
understanding
presents
opportunities
for
novel
therapeutic
approaches
aimed
at
halting
or
even
reversing
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
23(1)
Опубликована: Март 8, 2025
The
liver,
functioning
as
an
endocrine
organ,
secretes
a
variety
of
substances
that
influence
the
activities
other
body
organs.
Conversely,
molecules
generated
by
organs
such
bone,
gut,
and
adipose
tissue
can
also
impact
liver
function.
Accumulating
evidence
suggests
bidirectional
communication
between
However,
research
on
how
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
which
transport
active
molecular
mediators,
contribute
to
this
interorgan
is
still
in
its
nascent
stages.
EVs
are
capable
transporting
functional
molecules,
including
lipids,
nucleic
acids,
proteins,
thereby
affecting
recipient
cells
across
different
at
biological
level.
This
review
examines
role
facilitating
cardiovascular
system,
pancreas,
brain,
lungs,
kidneys,
tissue.
It
explores
their
potential
disease
treatment
highlights
challenges
understanding
EV-mediated
interactions.
contribution
mediator-carrying
two-way
remains
area
ongoing
investigation.
Future
will
provide
more
comprehensive
theoretical
foundation
clarify
precise
mechanisms
governing
organs,
pinpoint
medical
targets,
expand
application
within
realm
precision
medicine.
Nutrients,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17(1), С. 143 - 143
Опубликована: Дек. 31, 2024
Metabolic
dysfunction-associated
steatotic
liver
disease
(MASLD)
is
a
major
contributor
to
liver-related
morbidity,
cardiovascular
disease,
and
metabolic
complications.
Lifestyle
interventions,
including
diet
exercise,
are
first
line
in
treating
MASLD.
Dietary
approaches
such
as
the
low-glycemic-index
Mediterranean
diet,
ketogenic
intermittent
fasting,
high
fiber
diets
have
demonstrated
potential
addressing
dysfunction
underlying
this
condition.
The
development
progression
of
MASLD
closely
associated
with
taxonomic
shifts
gut
microbial
communities,
relationship
well-documented
literature.
Given
importance
primary
treatment
for
MASLD,
it
important
understand
how
microbiota
their
byproducts
mediate
favorable
outcomes
induced
by
healthy
dietary
patterns.
Conversely,
changes
conferred
unhealthy
patterns
Western
may
induce
dysbiosis
influence
through
promoting
hepatic
inflammation,
up-regulating
lipogenesis,
dysregulating
bile
acid
metabolism,
increasing
insulin
resistance,
causing
oxidative
damage
hepatocytes.
Although
emerging
evidence
has
identified
links
between
microbiota,
significant
gaps
remain
understanding
specific
roles,
metabolite
pathways,
host
interactions,
causal
relationships.
Therefore,
review
aims
provide
mechanistic
insights
into
role
microbiota-mediated
processes
analysis
both
contribution
pathophysiology.
By
better
elucidating
interplay
nutrients,
processes,
onset
work
identify
new
opportunities
targeted
interventions
treat
efficiently.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025
The
liver
is
susceptible
to
viruses
and
bacterial
infections,
tumors,
sterile
tissue
damage,
but
immunological
danger
recognition
in
the
highly
unconventional.
When
analyzing
innate
adaptive
immunity
organ,
valid
concepts
that
guide
immune
response
periphery
should
be
put
aside.
In
liver,
vascular
anatomy
a
game
changer,
as
about
80%
of
blood
percolates
organ
arrives
from
hepatic
portal
vein,
draining
rich
molecules
intestinal
flora.
This
24/7
exposure
high
amounts
pathogen-associated
molecular
pattern
(PAMPs)
results
tolerance.
dendritic,
Kupffer
(KC),
sinusoidal
endothelial
cells
(LSECs),
even
hepatocytes
express
PD-L1,
T
lymphocyte
downregulatory
molecule.
Most
Fas-L,
IL-10,
TGF-β,
low
levels
co-stimulatory
molecules,
lack
or
have
MHC-I
and/or
MHC-II
expression.
Moreover,
other
negative
regulators
such
CTLA-4,
IDO-1,
prostaglandin
E2
(PGE2)
are
regularly
expressed.
Then,
how
can
real
discerned
recognized
this
sea
PAMPs?
an
open
question.
Here,
we
hypothesize
conventional
occur
specific
minor
arterial
segments,.
triad,
where
artery
ramificates
into
stroma
carries
with
no
gut-derived
PAMPs,
there
evolutive
environmental
pressure
for
immunosuppressive
pathways,
could
occur.
Therefore,
segments
recognize
support
immunity.
Advanced Biology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2025
Abstract
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
lipid
bilayer‐bound
particles
secreted
by
cells,
have
attracted
significant
research
attention
for
their
roles
in
aging‐related
disorders,
including
cardiovascular
disease,
metabolic
dysfunction,
cancer,
and
neurodegeneration.
Research
shows
that
EV
cargo
function
are
influenced
factors
age,
disease
state,
exercise,
nutrition
sleep,
they
may
modulate
various
aging‐associated
processes
such
as
stem
cell
renewal,
nutrient
sensing,
senescence,
mitochondrial
function,
insulin
resistance.
This
perspective
highlights,
a
general
audience,
selection
of
studies
EVs
aging
age‐related
diseases,
diverse
organ
crosstalk.
While
current
evidence
indicates
play
multiple
aging,
there
numerous
challenges
methodological
limitations,
heterogeneous
reports
cargo,
limited
reproducibility,
apparent
context‐dependent
effects
cargo.
Together,
this
limits
the
interpretation
these
studies.
is
proposed
act
fine‐tuners
cellular
communication
within
broader
secretome
importance
standardizing
methods
emphasized.
Last,
future
directions
suggested.
Molecules and Cells,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 100216 - 100216
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
Metabolic
dysfunction-associated
steatotic
liver
disease
(MASLD)
is
a
progressive
that
affects
the
health
of
approximately
one-third
world's
population.
It
primary
cause
end-stage
disease,
malignancy,
and
transplantation,
resulting
in
great
medical
burden.
No
medications
have
yet
been
approved
by
US
Food
Drug
Administration
(FDA)
for
treating
MASLD
without
inflammation
or
scarring.
Therefore,
development
specific
drugs
to
treat
remains
key
task
ongoing
research
objective.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
play
an
important
role
communication
between
organs,
tissues,
cells.
Recent
studies
found
intestinal
microbiota
are
closely
related
pathogenesis
progression
MASLD.
EVs
produced
bacteria
(BEVs)
indispensable
this
process.
Thus,
study
provides
new
direction
treatment.
However,
mechanism
which
BEVs
affect
unclear.
investigated
influence
function
Additionally,
we
focus
on
progress
recent
years,
explain
relationship
from
perspectives
glucose
lipid
metabolism,
immune
responses,
homeostasis.
Finally,
summarized
potential
therapeutic
value
other
sources,
such
as
adipocytes,
immunocytes,
stem
cells,
plants.
Critical Reviews in Biotechnology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 1 - 17
Опубликована: Май 14, 2025
Bacterial
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
produced
by
both
Gram-negative
and
Gram-positive
bacteria.
These
EVs
composed
of
lipid
bilayers
various
components
derived
from
parent
bacteria,
including
proteins,
lipids,
nucleic
acids.
Previous
studies
have
indicated
the
significant
role
bacterial
in
interactions
between
bacteria
hosts.
Moreover,
emerging
as
promising
delivery
vectors
capable
transporting
drug
molecules
over
long
distances
to
tissues.
Therefore,
understanding
biogenesis
how
regulate
their
production
holds
great
importance
for
expanding
applications.
In
this
review,
we
provide
an
overview
EVs,
especially
focusing
on
distinct
mechanisms
regulation
Additionally,
discuss
methods
cargos
loading
into
well
diverse
applications
vaccines,
cancer
therapy,
delivery.
We
anticipate
that
review
will
advance
field
contributing
enhancement
existing
emergence
novel
Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 19, 2025
The
liver
is
a
central
metabolic
organ,
but
also
hosting
unique
immune
microenvironment
to
sustain
homeostasis
and
proper
defense
measures
against
injury
threats
in
healthy
individuals.
Liver
macrophages,
mostly
represented
by
the
tissue-resident
Kupffer
cells
bone
marrow-
or
monocyte-derived
are
intricately
involved
various
aspects
of
disease,
including
tissue
injury,
inflammation,
fibrogenesis
repair
mechanisms.
We
review
recent
findings
on
defining
macrophage
landscape
their
functions
diseases
with
aim
highlighting
potential
targets
for
therapeutic
interventions.
A
comprehensive
literature
search
PubMed
Google
Scholar
was
conducted
identify
relevant
up
date.
macrophages
orchestrate
key
homeostatic
pathogenic
processes
liver.
Thus,
targeting
represents
an
attractive
strategy
drug
development,
e.g.
ameliorate
steatohepatitis
fibrosis.
However,
translation
from
fundamental
research
therapies
remains
challenging
due
versatile
nature
compartment.
Recent
major
technical
advances
such
as
single-cell
spatially-resolved
omics
approaches
deepened
our
understanding
biology
at
molecular
level.
Yet,
further
studies
needed
suitable,
etiology-
stage-dependent
strategies
treatment
diseases.