Spatial and temporal variation in phenotypes and fitness in response to developmental thermal environments

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 35(12), С. 2635 - 2646

Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2021

Abstract Phenotypic variation within populations is influenced by the environment via plasticity and natural selection. How phenotypes respond to can vary among traits, life stages in ways that influence fitness. Plastic responses during early development are particularly important because they affect components of fitness throughout an individual's life. Consequently, how selection shapes developmental could be consequences across different stages. Moreover, spatial pressures generate differences plastic populations. To gain insight into sources survival, we used a laboratory egg incubation experiment using brown anole lizards Anolis sagrei from mainland (ancestral) island (descendent) populations, combined with mark–release–recapture field. Our study was designed (a) quantify effects temperature on embryo offspring morphology, (b) assess influences survival (c) thermal reaction norms ancestral descendant Developmental but embryos showed little patterns differed between hatchling stages; optimal for about 5℃ lower than hatchlings. High temperatures were thermally stressful embryos, reduced duration led hatching. In turn, earlier hatching increased probability adulthood. effect most pronounced hatched late season. The difference may driven physiological tolerance ecological factors depend phenology Overall, these results highlight differentially show temporal heterogeneity post‐hatching at times A free Plain Language Summary found Supporting Information this article.

Язык: Английский

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Embryonic and juvenile snakes (Natrix maura, Linnaeus 1758) compensate for high elevation hypoxia via shifts in cardiovascular physiology and metabolism

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 339(10), С. 1102 - 1115

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2023

The colonization of novel environments requires a favorable response to conditions never, or rarely, encountered in recent evolutionary history. For example, populations colonizing upslope habitats must cope with lower atmospheric pressure at elevation, and thus reduced oxygen availability. embryo stage oviparous organisms is particularly susceptible, given its lack mobility limited gas exchange via diffusion through the eggshell membranes. Especially little known about responses Lepidosaurian reptiles To test role physiological plasticity during early development high elevation hypoxia, we performed transplant experiment viperine snake (Natrix maura, Linnaeus 1758). We maintained gravid females originating from low (432 m above sea level [ASL]-normoxia) both origin (2877 ASL-extreme hypoxia; approximately 72% availability relative level), then incubated egg clutches elevation. Regardless maternal exposure hypoxia gestation, embryos extreme exhibited altered developmental trajectories cardiovascular function metabolism across incubation period, including reduction late-development mass. This may have contributed maintenance similar duration, hatching success, hatchling body size compared Nevertheless, after being juveniles exhibit carbon dioxide production consumption, suggesting energy pathways normoxia. These findings highlight maintaining rates survival fitness-relevant phenotypes environments.

Язык: Английский

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High temperatures limit developmental resilience to high-elevation hypoxia in the snakeNatrix maura(Squamata: Colubridae)

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 132(1), С. 116 - 133

Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2020

Abstract Climate change is generating range shifts in many organisms, notably along the altitudinal gradient. However, moving up altitude exposes organisms to lower oxygen availability, which may negatively affect development and fitness, especially at high temperatures. To test this possibility a potentially upward-colonizing species, we artificially incubated developing embryos of viperine snake Natrix maura Linnaeus 1758, using split-clutch design, conditions extreme elevation or low two ecologically-relevant incubation temperatures (24 32 °C). Embryos elevations cool did not differ time, hatchling phenotype locomotor performance. warmer temperature elevation, hatching success was reduced. Further, embryonic heart rates were lower, duration longer juveniles born smaller. Nonetheless, snakes treatment faster swimmers than siblings other groups, suggesting developmental trade-off between size Constraints on be offset by maintenance important performance metrics, thus that early life-history stages will prevent successful colonization high-elevation habitat even under dual limitations reduced increased temperature.

Язык: Английский

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Natural nest substrates influence squamate embryo physiology but have little effect on hatchling phenotypes

Integrative Zoology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 17(4), С. 550 - 566

Опубликована: Май 18, 2021

Vertebrate embryos require access to water; however, many species nest in terrestrial habitats that vary considerably moisture content. Oviparous, non-avian reptiles have served as models understand how environmental factors, like availability, influence development because eggs are often exposed prevailing environments the absence of parental care. Though much research demonstrates importance water absorption by eggs, ecological factors availability natural nests received little attention. For example, type substrate which constructed is understudied. We experimentally incubated brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei) 2 naturally occurring substrates were treated with varying amounts determine at different concentrations. One consisted sand and crushed seashells other was mostly organic material (i.e. decayed plant material). Both common nesting our field site. When controlling for uptake we found egg survival hatchling phenotypes similar between substrates; developed more quickly sand/shell than substrate, indicating substrate-specific effects on embryo physiology. These results demonstrate can result developmental outcomes if available comparable; some aspects development, rate, affected independent availability. Further study required physiology

Язык: Английский

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Nesting in Anolis Lizards: An Understudied Topic in a Well-Studied Clade

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10

Опубликована: Май 9, 2022

Maternal nesting behavior in oviparous species strongly influences the environmental conditions their embryos experience during development. In turn, these early-life have consequences for offspring phenotypes and many fitness components across an individual’s lifespan. Thus, identifying evolutionary ecological causes effects of is a key goal behavioral ecology. Studies reptiles contributed greatly to our understanding how shapes phenotypes. While some taxonomic groups been used extensively provide insights into this important area biology, remain poorly studied. For example, squamate genus Anolis has served as model study behavior, ecology, evolution, but research focused on developmental plasticity comparatively scarce. This dearth empirical may be attributed logistical challenges (e.g., difficulty locating nests), biological factors single-egg clutches hinder experimental designs), historical focus males research. Although there gap literature concerning interest ecology group grown recent years. paper, we (1) review existing studies anole plasticity; (2) highlight areas that are currently understudied discuss can contribute broader topics maternal global change biology); (3) guidelines studying field. Overall, provides foundation establishing anoles models plasticity.

Язык: Английский

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Hot Lizards: Testing the Tolerance to Climate Warming of Thermoconformers in the Andes (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae)

Ichthyology & Herpetology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 110(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2022

Climate change is one of the greatest threats to species across globe, but tropical animals have largely been overlooked. Tropical high elevation are distinctly at risk as they will be unable disperse habitats with favorable temperatures in future. Twenty percent all lizard may faced extinction. Proctoporus unsaacae and P. sucullucu two thermoconforming native Central Andes mountains where their predicted rise over 3°C within 21st century. Because these do not thermoregulate behaviorally, we that would narrow temperature tolerances vulnerable climate warming. We collected lizards Peru tested critical thermal maxima (CTmax) by slowly heating them until were maintain normal bodily functions, measured muscular spasms. Surprisingly, found tolerance averaging 38.2°C CTmax 39.4°C. The difference between field active body for both exceeded 20°C. Based on our results, increased environmental directly cause suffer death or activity restriction. posit few other truly eurythermic particularly well suited surviving global increases. Although warming continue decline extinction worldwide, more research needed unusual ecologies before making sweeping statements about dire fate reptiles.

Язык: Английский

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Effect of moisture, temperature, and maternal influence on the hatching, phenotype, and performance of hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata

Endangered Species Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 50, С. 217 - 234

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2023

Hawksbill turtles are considered Critically Endangered. An understanding of how nest microenvironment (moisture and temperature) maternal characteristics can influence embryonic development, hatching success, phenotype, hatchling performance is needed to ensure effective conservation management. We undertook controlled egg incubations at different temperatures relative humidities. Additionally, we sampled natural nests with data loggers, humidity the sand depth, determine conditions that eggs experienced naturally. varied (RSH) percentages (30, 50, 75, 100%) a constant incubation temperature 29.5°C. also assessed 25, 29.5, 34°C 75% RSH. Incubation 29.5°C resulted in successful (73.3%), whereas 25 prevented hatching. However, occurred even between 34 36°C, provided were exposed these <20% entire period incubation, only towards end incubation. Controlled 30% RSH linearly affected hatchlings: incubated 100% had greatest success produced heaviest, largest, fastest hatchlings. correlated positively depth on beach, so ≥75% ensured average (~39.2 cm), resulting (74.3 ± 34.7%). The showed hydric most significant impact phenotype (size weight), performance. Maternal characteristics, however, slightly less important. These results suggest moisture should be taken into consideration hawksbill turtle projects. thermal environments by developing embryos when evaluating climate change affects marine turtles.

Язык: Английский

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Rapid heat hardening in embryos of the lizard Anolis sagrei

Biology Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(7)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2023

Adaptive thermal tolerance plasticity can dampen the negative effects of warming. However, our knowledge is lacking for embryonic stages that are relatively immobile and may benefit most from an adaptive plastic response. We tested heat hardening capacity (a rapid increase in manifests minutes to hours) embryos lizard

Язык: Английский

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Integrative developmental biology in the age of anthropogenic change

Evolution & Development, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 23(4), С. 320 - 332

Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2021

Abstract Humans are changing and challenging nature in many ways. Conservation Biology seeks to limit human impacts on preserve biological diversity. Traditionally, Developmental have had nonoverlapping objectives, operating distinct spheres of science. However, this chasm can should be filled help combat the emerging challenges 21st century. The means by which accomplish goal were already established within conceptual framework evo‐ eco‐devo further expanded address ways that anthropogenic disturbance affect embryonic development. Herein, I describe these approaches used advance study reptilian embryos. More specifically, explore a developmental perspective ongoing studies physiology context global warming chemical pollution, both known stressors emphasize perspectives inform conservation biologists trying develop management practices will complexity facing

Язык: Английский

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Daily running trials increase sprint speed in endangered lizards (Gallotia simonyi)

Behavioural Processes, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 193, С. 104509 - 104509

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2021

Язык: Английский

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