Male genitalia, hierarchical homology, and the anatomy of the bullet ant (Paraponera clavata; Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Journal of Morphology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 285(9)

Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2024

The male genitalia of insects are among the most variable, complex, and informative character systems for evolutionary analysis taxonomic purposes. Because these general properties, many generations systematists have struggled to develop a theory homology alignment parts. This struggle continues present day, where fundamentally different models nomenclatures Hymenoptera, example, applied. Here, we take multimodal approach digitalize comprehensively document genital skeletomuscular anatomy bullet ant (Paraponera clavata; Hymenoptera: Formicidae), including hand dissection, synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography, microphotography, scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser 3D-printing. Through this work, generate several new concepts structure form such as endophallic sclerite (=fibula ducti), which were able evaluate in detail first time any species. Based on phenomic anatomical study comparison with other Holometabola Hexapoda, reconsider homologies insect more broadly, propose series clarifications support penis-gonopod identity. Specifically, use Paraponera broadly an empirical case hierarchical by applying refining 5-category classification serial homologs from DiFrisco et al. (2023) (DLW23) all our formalized concepts. this, find that: (1) geometry is critical attribute account ontology, especially individually identifiable attributes positionally indexed hence can be recognized homomorphic; (2) definition "structure" proposed DLW23 difficult apply, likely heterogeneous; (3) formative elements, or spatially defined foldings in- evaginations epidermis cuticle, important yet overlooked class homomorphs. We morphogenetic model female genitalia, analogous gene-tree species-tree mappings specifically. For structures evaluated study, provide 3D-printable - without musculature, various states digital dissection facilitate development tactile understanding. Our treatment P. clavata serves basic template future studies will substantially improved automation collections-based data processing pipelines, that is, collectomics. Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology resource include effort, best practice should linked.

Язык: Английский

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The Origin of Human Theory-of-Mind

Humans, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5(1), С. 5 - 5

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025

Is there a qualitative difference between apes’ and humans ‘ability to estimate others’ mental states’, a.k.a. ‘Theory-of-Mind’? After opting for the idea that expectations are empty profiles recognize particular content when it arrives, I apply same description ‘vicarious expectations’—very probably present in apes. Thus, (empty) vicarious one’s (full) contents distinguished without needing meta-representation. Then, propose: First, enough support Theory-of-Mind (including ‘spontaneous altruism’). Second, since require profile previously built subject activates them, this cannot activate any expectation of states intrinsically impossible him. Third, your think me as distal individual me, therefore, must contents. This ability (the original nucleus human Theory-of-Mind) is essential lifestyle. It involved unpleasant pleasant self-conscious emotions, which respectively contribute ‘social order’ cultural innovations. More basically, makes possible (prelinguistic or linguistic) communication, originally made understanding addressed therefore me.

Язык: Английский

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Past materials, past minds: The philosophy of cognitive paleoanthropology

Philosophy Compass, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(6)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Abstract The philosophy of cognitive paleoanthropology involves three related tasks: (1) asking what inferences might be drawn from the paleontological and archaeological records to past cognition, behavior culture; (2) constructing synthetic accounts evolution distinctive hominin capacities; (3) exploring how results inform philosophy. We introduce some paleoanthropological discuss their epistemic standing, before considering attention material practice can transform philosophical approaches.

Язык: Английский

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Not wasted on the young: Childhood, trait complexes & human behavioral ecology

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 109, С. 12 - 20

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2024

Язык: Английский

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