Genome‐wide association studies of response and side effects to the BNT162b2 vaccine in Italian healthcare workers: Increased antibody levels and side effects in carriers of the HLA‐A*03:01 allele

HLA, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 102(6), С. 707 - 719

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2023

The remarkable variability of response to vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is apparent. present study aims estimate the extent which host genetic background contributes this in terms immune and side effects following administration BNT162b2 vaccine. We carried out a genome wide association (GWAS) by genotyping 873 Italian healthcare workers who underwent anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with vaccine for whom information about spike antibodies titers were available. GWAS revealed significant between HLA locus Spike level at 2 months first dose (SNP: rs1737060; p = 9.80 × 10-11 ). In particular, we observed positive antibody levels presence HLA-A*03:01 allele. same allele was found associated 2-2.4-fold increased risk experiencing specific such as fever, chills myalgia 1.5-1.8-fold joint pain, nausea, fatigue, headache asthenia, independently age sex. This confirms that heterogeneity its are least partially influenced variants. information, integrated individual biological lifestyle-related correlates, could be use definition algorithms aimed identification subjects additional doses would particularly beneficial maintain immunity virus.

Язык: Английский

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AI-driven covalent drug design strategies targeting main protease (m ^pro ) against SARS-CoV-2: structural insights and molecular mechanisms

Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 29

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2024

The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants has raised concerns about the effectiveness COVID-19 vaccines. To address this challenge, small-molecule antivirals have been proposed as a crucial therapeutic option. Among potential targets for anti-COVID-19 therapy, main protease (Mpro) is important due to its essential role in virus's life cycle and high conservation. substrate-binding region core proteases various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), could be used generation inhibitors. Various drug discovery methods employed diverse range strategies, targeting both monomeric dimeric forms, repurposing, integrating virtual screening with high-throughput (HTS), structure-based design, each demonstrating varying levels efficiency. Covalent inhibitors, such Nirmatrelvir MG-101, showcase robust high-affinity binding Mpro, exhibiting stable interactions confirmed by molecular docking studies. Development effective antiviral drugs imperative pandemic situations. This review explores recent advances search Mpro inhibitors application artificial intelligence (AI) design. AI leverages vast datasets advanced algorithms streamline design identification promising AI-driven methods, docking, predictive modeling, are at forefront identifying candidates therapy. In time when potentially threat global health, quest potent solutions critical inhibiting virus.

Язык: Английский

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Long-term antibody trajectories after PPSV23 in elderly: Results from a 4-year follow-up study

Vaccine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 48, С. 126737 - 126737

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Diet, microbiome, and probiotics establish a crucial link in vaccine efficacy

Critical Reviews in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 26

Опубликована: Март 20, 2025

Vaccination plays a critical role in public health by reducing the incidence and prevalence of infectious diseases. The efficacy vaccine has numerous determinants, which include age, sex, genetics, environment, geographic location, nutritional status, maternal antibodies, prior exposure to pathogens. However, little is known about gut microbiome how it can be targeted through dietary interventions improve immunological responses. Unveiling this link imperative, particularly post-pandemic world, considering impaired COVID-19 response observed dysbiotic individuals. Therefore, article aims comprehensively review diet probiotics modulate composition, linked efficacy. Dietary fiber polyphenolic compounds derived from plant-based foods microbial diversity promoting growth short-chain fatty acids-producing microbes. On other hand, animal-based have mixed effects – whey protein fish oil promote eubiosis In contrast, lard red meat adverse effects. Studies further indicate that probiotic supplements exert varied effects, mostly strain dosage-specific. Interlinking diet, microbiome, probiotics, vaccines will reveal opportunities for newer research on diet-induced microbiome-manipulated precision vaccination strategies against

Язык: Английский

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Vaccination versus natural infection: A review of antibody differentiation techniques

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 30(1)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

The production of specific antibodies occurs in response to pathogens, whether encountered naturally or introduced through vaccination, serving as markers immunity. As novel vaccines are developed and deployed, especially emerging infectious diseases, the ability distinguish between vaccine-induced infection-induced becomes increasingly important. Vaccines designed mimic this natural infection process without causing disease itself. Serological assays critical tools immunology, enabling researchers clinicians differentiate produced by vaccination those generated infection. By understanding an individual’s result previous healthcare providers can modify booster recommendations more effectively. It also plays important role identifying people with hybrid immunity assessing effectiveness campaigns.

Язык: Английский

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Psychometric Properties of the Bangla Version of the Vaccination Fear Scale (VFS-6): A Dual Approach of Classical and Modern Test Theory

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 102015 - 102015

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination on the Mortality Rates of Hospitalized Patients with the Omicron Strain

Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 20(3)

Опубликована: Март 9, 2025

Background: The emergence of the Omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 virus has raised concerns about its potential impact on public health. Vaccination remains crucial for preventing and managing spread COVID-19, as well mitigating future outbreaks similar diseases. This study aimed to evaluate COVID-19 vaccination mortality rates hospitalized patients infected with strain. We sought provide valuable insights into vaccine efficacy inform health strategies. Objectives: To determine effectiveness vector-based non-vector-based vaccines rate strain related variants, considering factors such age, gender, symptom onset-to-hospitalization days, oxygen saturation level, hospital stay length, underlying Methods: A cross-sectional was conducted from hospitals affiliated Mashhad University Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, January 2021 September 2022. Data were collected medical care monitoring system (MCMC), continuously updated six universities. included 8,616 admitted these hospitals. status (vector-based non-vector-based) association infection assessed using logistic regression analysis. Results: Among patients, 50% men women. Twenty-three percent cases had a history hypertension, 15% diabetes mellitus. In elderly increased significantly (16% in those over 70 years old). results showed that higher (SpO2 > 93%) survival (P < 0.001). Long-term hospitalization associated Of all 4,776 received two or more doses vaccine. indicated receiving reduced = 0.002). presence comorbidities hypertension 0.048). Conclusions: investigated connections between vaccination, patient demographics, comorbidities, outcomes. It found risk influenced by blood levels (SpO2), booster doses, while longer stays certain risk. highlights need ongoing research standardized categorization manage pandemic effectively.

Язык: Английский

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Development of a personalized digital biomarker of vaccine-associated reactogenicity using wearable sensors and digital twin technology

Communications Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2025

Effective response to vaccination requires activation of the innate immune system, triggering synthesis inflammatory cytokines. The degree subjective symptoms related this, referred as reactogenicity, may predict their eventual response. However, nature these is influenced by nocebo effect, making it difficult accurately quantify a person's physiologic use wearable sensors allows for identification objective evidence changes person experiences following vaccination, but are subtle, they can only be detected when an individual's pre-vaccination normal variability considered. We torso sensor patch and machine learning method similarity-based modeling (SBM) create digital twin 88 people receiving 104 COVID vaccine doses. By using each pre-vaccine twin, we able effectively control expected variations unique that individual, leaving vaccine-induced differences. individualized differences between pre- post-vaccine period develop multivariate biomarker objectively measuring duration individual vaccination. Here show better predicted systemic reactogenicity than any one data type correlated with in humoral cellular immunity 20-person subset. A capable identifying could play future role personalizing regimens.

Язык: Английский

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Quantitative risk assessment and interventional recommendations for preventing canine distemper virus infection in captive tigers at selected wildlife stations in Thailand

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 20(4), С. e0320657 - e0320657

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2025

Canine distemper virus (CDV) can cause high morbidity and mortality in large felids pose a significant threat to the conservation of captive non-captive tiger ( Panthera tigris ). This study conducted Thailand’s wildlife stations aimed assess risks CDV introduction populations. A stochastic quantitative risk assessment model was employed determine pathways estimate probabilities through humans, animal reservoirs, fomites. The final probability entry, obtained from combination six entry pathways, indicated that absence measures resulted relatively at 0.858. sensitivity analysis identified CDV-contaminated human hands, followed by other CDV-infected wild animals, equipment, as most influential spread. Risk were compared among those without intervention, with routine intervention stations, full implementation. Implementing all interventions significantly reduced introduction. These included control such quarantining isolating infected animals providing treatment reduce infectiousness. Preventive screening tests for healthy individuals early detection asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic cases, preventing further spread complications, vaccination campaigns, promoting hand hygiene staff visitors. Environmental involve restricting dogs cats accessing enclosures, disinfecting transport vehicles, using separate equipment each cage, etc. Together, these lowered median 0.089, representing an 89.6% reduction. approach assessed infection adapted specific situations stations. Consistent implementation is essential minimize Wildlife must strictly implement standard procedures protect health tigers.

Язык: Английский

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Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) among COVID-19 Patients at the US Department of Veterans Affairs: The Important Role of COVID-19 Vaccinations

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(2), С. 146 - 146

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2024

Background: There are knowledge gaps about factors associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) among COVID-19 patients. To examine AKI predictors patients, a retrospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted between January 2020 and December 2022. Logistic regression models were used to of AKI, survival analysis performed mortality in Results: A total 742,799 veterans diagnosed included 95,573 hospitalized within 60 days following diagnosis. 45,754 developed 28,573 patients hospitalized. Use vasopressors (OR = 14.73; 95% CL 13.96–15.53), history 2.22; 2.15–2.29), male gender 1.90; 1.75–2.05), Black race 1.62; 1.57–1.65), age 65+ 1.57; 1.50–1.63) AKI. Patients who vaccinated twice boosted least likely develop 0.51; 0.49–0.53) compared unvaccinated receiving two doses 0.77; 0.72–0.81), or single dose 0.88; 0.81–0.95) also less the unvaccinated. exhibited four times higher those without (HR 4.35; 4.23–4.50). Vaccinated had lowest risk 0.30; 0.28–0.31). Conclusion: vasopressors, being unvaccinated, older age, gender, post Whether vaccination, including boosters, decreases developing warrants additional studies.

Язык: Английский

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