Development of prefrontal cortex

Neuropsychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 47(1), С. 41 - 57

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2021

Abstract During evolution, the cerebral cortex advances by increasing in surface and introduction of new cytoarchitectonic areas among which prefrontal (PFC) is considered to be substrate highest cognitive functions. Although neurons PFC are generated before birth, differentiation its development synaptic connections humans extend 3rd decade life. this period, synapses as well neurotransmitter systems including their receptors transporters, initially overproduced followed selective elimination. Advanced methods applied human animal models, enable investigation cellular mechanisms role specific genes, non-coding regulatory elements signaling molecules control neuronal production phenotypic fate, migration establish layering PFC. Likewise, various genetic approaches combination with functional assays immunohistochemical imaging reveal roles during maturation Disruption, or even a slight slowing rate production, synaptogenesis environmental factors, can induce gross subtle changes that eventually lead impairment. An understanding evolution provide insight into pathogenesis treatment congenital neuropsychiatric diseases idiopathic developmental disorders cause intellectual disabilities.

Язык: Английский

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Newborn metabolomic signatures of maternal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure and reduced length of gestation

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Май 30, 2023

Abstract Marginalized populations experience disproportionate rates of preterm birth and early term birth. Exposure to per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been reported reduce length gestation, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In present study, we characterized molecular signatures prenatal PFAS exposure gestational age at outcomes in newborn dried blood spot metabolome among 267 African American dyads Atlanta, Georgia between 2016 2020. Pregnant people with higher serum perfluorooctanoic acid perfluorohexane sulfonic concentrations had increased odds an After false discovery rate correction, effect on reduced gestation was associated 8 metabolomic pathways 52 metabolites spots, which suggested perturbed tissue neogenesis, neuroendocrine function, redox homeostasis. These explain how gives rise leading cause infant death United States.

Язык: Английский

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Placental methylome reveals a 22q13.33 brain regulatory gene locus associated with autism

Genome biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves complex genetics interacting with the perinatal environment, complicating discovery of common genetic risk. The epigenetic layer DNA methylation shows dynamic developmental changes and molecular memory in utero experiences, particularly placenta, a fetal tissue discarded at birth. However, current array-based methods to identify novel ASD risk genes lack coverage most structurally epigenetically variable regions human genome.

Язык: Английский

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Epigenetics of pregnancy: looking beyond the DNA code

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 39(4), С. 801 - 816

Опубликована: Март 17, 2022

Abstract Epigenetics is the branch of genetics that studies different mechanisms influence gene expression without direct modification DNA sequence. An ever-increasing amount evidence suggests such regulatory processes may play a pivotal role both in initiation pregnancy and later embryonic fetal development, thus determining long-term effects even adult life. In this narrative review, we summarize current knowledge on epigenetics pregnancy, from its most studied well-known to new frontiers epigenetic regulation, as ncRNAs gestational environment brain development. Epigenetic are dynamic phenomenon responds maternal–fetal environmental factors, which can modify embryo-fetal development during various phases. Therefore, also recapitulate notable factors affect prenatal maternal nutrition, stress hormones, microbiome, teratogens, focusing their ability cause modifications ultimately fetus. Despite promising advancements more experience data topic still needed. A better understanding regulation could fact prove valuable towards management physiological pregnancies assisted reproduction treatments, other than allowing comprehend origin multifactorial pathological conditions neurodevelopmental disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Placental DNA methylation signatures of prenatal air pollution exposure and potential effects on birth outcomes: an analysis of three prospective cohorts

The Lancet Planetary Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8(5), С. e297 - e308

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Placental Pathology Contributes to Impaired Volumetric Brain Development in Neonates With Congenital Heart Disease

Journal of the American Heart Association, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(5)

Опубликована: Фев. 29, 2024

Background Neonates with congenital heart disease are at risk for impaired brain development in utero, predisposing children to postnatal injury and adverse long‐term neurodevelopmental outcomes. Given the vital role of placenta fetal growth, we assessed incidence placental pathology explored its association total regional volumes, gyrification, after birth. Methods Results Placentas from 96 term singleton pregnancies severe were prospectively analyzed macroscopic microscopic pathology. We applied a severity score relate abnormalities neurological outcome. Postnatal, presurgical magnetic resonance imaging was used analyze injuries. Placental analyses revealed following abnormalities: maternal vascular malperfusion lesions 46%, nucleated red blood cells 37%, chronic inflammatory 35%, delayed maturation 30%, weight below 10th percentile 28%. Severity negatively correlated cortical gray matter, deep brainstem, cerebellar, volumes ( r =−0.25 −0.31, all P <0.05). When correcting postmenstrual age linear regression, this remained significant volume (adjusted R 2 =0.25–0.47, Conclusions occurs frequently neonates may contribute development, indicated by between reductions cortical, volumes.

Язык: Английский

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Alcohol reprograms placental glucose and lipid metabolism which correlate with reduced fetal brain but not body weight in a mouse model of prenatal alcohol exposure

Journal of Nutrition, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Pathogenic Infections during Pregnancy and the Consequences for Fetal Brain Development

Pathogens, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(2), С. 193 - 193

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2022

Pathogens comprised of viruses, bacteria, gut microbiome, and parasites are a leading cause ever-emerging diseases in humans. Studying pathogens for their ability to is topic critical discussion among scientists pharmaceutical centers effective drug development that diagnose, treat, prevent infection-associated disorders. impact health either directly by invading the host or eliciting an acute inflammatory immune response. This paradigm responses even more consequential people who may be immunocompromised. In this regard, pregnancy offers altered immunity scenario, which allow onset severe diseases. Viruses, such as Influenza, HIV, now SARS-CoV-2, associated with COVID-19 pandemic, raise new concerns maternal fetal/neonatal health. Intrauterine bacterial parasitic infections also known outcomes neonatal More importantly, viral during have been identified common contributor fetal brain defects. Infection-mediated uterine milieu thought main trigger causing poor development, resulting long-term cognitive impairments. The concept utero programming childhood adult disorders has revolutionized field neurodevelopment its complications. Recent findings mice humans clearly support idea controls trajectory child considerably influences function mental review, we focus on autism spectrum (ASD) assess effects ASD-like symptoms.

Язык: Английский

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Placenta Extracellular Vesicles: Messengers Connecting Maternal and Fetal Systems

Biomolecules, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(8), С. 995 - 995

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2024

The placenta operates during gestation as the primary communication organ between mother and fetus. It is essential for gas, nutrient exchange, fetal waste transfer. also produces a wide range of hormones other factors that influence maternal physiology, including survival activity corpus luteum ovary, but means whereby shapes development remain less clear, although brain thought to be dependent upon play roles in its early differentiation growth, giving rise term “placenta–brain axis”. Placental transit via vasculature, smaller placental molecules require protection from metabolism. Such biomolecules include small RNA, mRNA, peptides, lipids, catecholamines serotonin dopamine. These compounds presumably shuttle systems protective extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs (pEVs) their components, particular miRNA (miRs), are known important regulating systems, such immune, cardiovascular, reproductive functions. A scant amount about how pEVs affect cells tissues. composition can influenced by gestational diseases. This review will provide critical insight into intermediary link impact pathologies on pEV cargo contents, an understanding biomolecular changes within health disease might utilized design diagnostic mitigation strategies prevent diseases later offspring disorders.

Язык: Английский

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A spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas of mouse placentation

Cell Discovery, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 22, 2024

Язык: Английский

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