
Cells, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(8), С. 613 - 613
Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2025
Low back pain is a widespread condition that significantly impacts quality of life, with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) being major contributing factor. However, the underlying mechanisms IDD remain poorly understood, necessitating further investigation. Environmental risk factors, such as mechanical stress and cigarette smoke, elevate reactive oxygen species levels from both endogenous exogenous sources, leading to redox imbalance oxidative stress. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mitochondria, two key organelles responsible for protein folding energy production, respectively, are particularly vulnerable Under conditions, ER mitochondrial dysfunction occur, resulting in unfolded response activation, impaired biosynthetic processes, disruptions tricarboxylic acid cycle electron transport chain, ultimately compromising metabolism. Prolonged excessive can trigger apoptosis through ER–mitochondrial crosstalk. Given unique microenvironment (IVD)—characterized by hypoxia, glucose starvation, region-specific cellular heterogeneity—the differential effects environmental stressors on distinct IVD cell populations require This review explores potential which factors alter activities, progression, discusses future therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating degeneration.
Язык: Английский