Allelopathy and Allelochemicals in Grasslands and Forests

Forests, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(3), С. 562 - 562

Опубликована: Март 13, 2023

Plants can produce and release allelochemicals to interfere with the establishment growth of conspecific interspecific plants. Such allelopathy is an important mediator among plant species in natural managed ecosystems. This review focuses on grasslands forests. Allelopathy drives invasion, exacerbates grassland degradation contributes forest regeneration. Furthermore, autotoxicity (intraspecific allelopathy) frequently occurs pastures tree plantations. Various specialized metabolites, including phenolics, terpenoids nitrogen-containing compounds from herbaceous woody are responsible for Terpenoids a diversity metabolites qualitative occurring annual grasslands, while phenolics few quantitative perennial Importantly, mediate below-ground ecological interactions plant–soil feedback, subsequently affecting biodiversity, productivity sustainability Interestingly, allelopathic plants discriminate identity neighbors via signaling chemicals, adjusting production allelochemicals. Therefore, chemicals synergistically interact regulate intraspecific forests have provided fascinating insights into plant–plant their consequences sustainability, contributing our understanding terrestrial ecosystems global changes.

Язык: Английский

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Unveiling the resistance of native weed communities: insights for managing invasive weed species in disturbed environments

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 99(3), С. 753 - 777

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024

ABSTRACT Weed communities influence the dynamics of ecosystems, particularly in disturbed environments where anthropogenic activities often result higher pollution. Understanding existing between native weed and invasive species is crucial for effective management normal ecosystem functioning. Recognising potential resistance to invasion can help identify suitable plants restoration operations. This review aims investigate adaptations exhibited by non‐native weeds that may affect invasions within environments. Factors such as ecological characteristics, altered soil conditions, potentially confer a competitive advantage relative or are analysed. Moreover, roles biotic interactions competition, mutualistic relationships, allelopathy shaping described. Emphasis given consideration key factor provides insights conservation efforts Additionally, this underscores need further research unravel underlying mechanisms devise targeted strategies. These strategies aim promote mitigate negative effects By delving deeper into these insights, we gain an understanding ecosystems develop valuable species, restore long‐term sustainability.

Язык: Английский

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Root exudates enhanced rhizobacteria complexity and microbial carbon metabolism of toxic plants

iScience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 25(10), С. 105243 - 105243

Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2022

Root exudates and rhizosphere microorganisms play key roles in the colonization of toxic plants under climate change land degradation. However, how root affect soil nutrients degraded grasslands remains unknown. We compared interaction microbial communities, exudates, carbon metabolism, environmental factors non-toxic plants. Deterministic processes had a greater effect on than plants, as affected directly. The 328 up-regulated compounds diversity microorganisms. Rhizosphere bacteria-enriched enzymes were involved phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. form complex networks microorganisms, provide high nutrients, increase metabolism. between is mechanism that enables to spread grassland habitats.

Язык: Английский

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A scalable and transferable approach to combining emerging conservation technologies to identify biodiversity change after large disturbances

Journal of Applied Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 61(4), С. 797 - 808

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2024

Abstract Ecological disturbances are becoming more extensive and intensive globally, a trend exemplified by ‘megafires’ industrial deforestation, which cause widespread losses of forest cover. Yet the hypothesis that contemporary environmental affecting biodiversity has been difficult to test directly. The novel combination landscape‐scale passive acoustic monitoring, new machine learning algorithm, BirdNET improved Bayesian model‐fitting engines enables cohesive, community‐level before‐after, control‐impact studies disturbances. We conducted such study 2020 megafire in Sierra Nevada, USA. used bespoke dynamic multi‐species occupancy modelling approach, enabled us account for imperfect detection, misclassifications, share information among species. There was no difference colonization between burned unburned forest. In contrast, probability site extinction forest, 0.36, significantly higher than 0.12. Of 67 species our study, 6 (9%) displayed positive response fire, while 28 (41%) significant response. observed 12% decrease avian 1 year post‐fire, substantial shift community composition. However, this ecosystem, many display time‐dependent responses fire unobservable after just year. Synthesis applications . have shown three emerging conservation technologies, animal sound identification algorithms, advances statistical tools, can provide previously unattainable about ecological change. Critically, approach is transferrable scalable, as workflow agnostic or ecosystem each component either freely available (all relevant software) relatively inexpensive (recording hardware). Environmental change unfolding rapidly, but analytical techniques may help understanding and—thus interventions—keep pace.

Язык: Английский

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Upscaling ecological restoration by integrating with agriculture

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2024

Transformative change is needed to align common small‐scale ecological restoration approaches with expectations restore millions of hectares degraded lands globally. Currently, most projects target small areas using costly manual methods that cannot be scaled up meet global commitments. We propose a judicious integration agricultural practices into offers an opportunity address this issue. This transformative process relies on three sequential and interconnected steps: (1) ensure sufficient land truly available for restoration; (2) compensate the loss production, income, or value encourage landholders opt (3) develop scalable, affordable, effective restoring native ecosystems across pledged hundreds deliver benefits both nature people. Large‐scale terrestrial will require incorporating agronomic toolbox go beyond vague, ambitious promises wishful thinking.

Язык: Английский

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Incorporation of Indaziflam into Natural Areas Management of Cheatgrass and Other Short-Lived Invasive Species: Post-Fire Assessment in a Semi-Arid Colorado Grassland

Natural Areas Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 44(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2024

Short-lived nonnative species that become invasive are major agents of change in the American West, and they may interact with fire to have compounding negative effects on ecosystem function. As public lands come under increasing stress from invader–fire interactions, managers need tools deplete propagules at meaningful temporal spatial scales. The pre-emergent herbicide indaziflam, which has been approved for use natural areas, achieves multi-year control Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) other short-lived species, while leaving co-occurring, established perennials largely intact. Here we explore how pre-fire management indaziflam shapes plant community assembly post-fire. We ask whether (1) maintains good efficacy against target tectorum, japonicus, Alyssum simplex first growing season post-wildfire, as well introduced more generally; (2) exhibits nontarget native species; (3) supports recovery long-lived species. Indaziflam was highly effective controlling all three both burned unburned revealing its potential break cycle. However, were also suppressed, either areas only (richness), or (percent cover). found systems, had no These findings highlight trade-offs adopting a tool, likely be extremely invaded systems already depauperate propagules, but requiring caution and, if resources allow, attendant restoration plans (e.g., reseeding desirable natives) intact areas.

Язык: Английский

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The Meadoway: native meadow creation in underutilized transmission line corridors

Botany, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 102(10), С. 421 - 427

Опубликована: Авг. 6, 2024

Across Ontario, Canada, there are over 30 000 km of transmission line corridors. With proper planning and ongoing maintenance monitoring, these corridors have the potential to be transformed into native meadow, offering vital pathways connecting natural heritage systems supporting wildlife movement, while promoting biodiversity, functions, ecosystem health. In 2019, seeding trials were established in Gatineau Hydro Corridor east Toronto where a long-term meadow creation project (The Meadoway) is ongoing, evaluate effectiveness herbicide treatment (glyphosate), sowing method, season on success with goal informing site-specific techniques. Seed mixes included variety grasses forbs dominated by copper savannah grass ( Sorghastrum nutans), big bluestem Andropogon gerardii), little Schizachyrium scoparium), switch Panicum virgatum). Overall, fall or winter led highest success. There was no difference hand using seed drill. The results this work provide valuable insights effective techniques improve also highlight benefits situ experimentation inform

Язык: Английский

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Native establishment improved and weed competition reduced by topsoil removal in direct‐sown native grasslands

Ecological Management & Restoration, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(1), С. 68 - 82

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Summary Australian temperate grasslands are among its most threatened plant communities. In agricultural landscapes, major barriers to their recovery high soil nutrient levels that favour the growth of exotic pasture and other non‐native species, standing weed biomass creating fierce aboveground competition, rich seed bud banks providing dense emergent seedling competition. Therefore, return arable landscapes through restoration must rely on overcoming these challenges, ideally by reducing nutrients mitigating effects weeds. This study demonstrates effectiveness topsoil removal for restoring diverse native grassy communities direct seeding sites with a legacy elevated competitive vegetation. Conversely, it showed repeated shallow cultivation (four times over 12 months) stimulate emergence, followed each time herbicide application, failed achieve this outcome, at least in short term (three years). Grassy community is imperative Australia, but importantly, utilise protocols as effective possible so limited time, money, resources not wasted. light, technique manipulation may take us one step closer achieving goal locations, where loss pronounced.

Язык: Английский

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State of knowledge on the effectiveness of management interventions to restore degraded eucalypt woodlands

Restoration Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2025

To support the persistence of Australian eucalypt woodlands, conservation remnant vegetation must be augmented with ecological restoration degraded ecosystems. Certainty about effectiveness interventions is urgently required to consistently transition woodlands reference states. The aim this meta‐analysis was quantify improve plant and edaphic attributes in temperate semiarid Australia. Our structured literature search retrieved 35 studies that were suitable for analysis, which enabled assessment six types 11 ecosystem response metrics. Effectiveness quantified using estimates probability magnitude responses generated from Bayesian multi‐level models. We found consistent increases varying average levels carbon (via sugar) addition (43%) burning (27%) on native plants, cryptogams (91%), woody debris soil moisture (35%) (21%). Native plants had a low benefitting slashing (0.33) or herbicide application (0.09). Slashing high increasing introduced (0.83). Planting almost always failed achieve communities, phosphorus. A very level uncertainty evident outcomes sugar plants. Overall, we paucity adequate studies, including insufficient quantitative information combinations interventions, lack common interventions. results indicate an urgent need experiments embedded programs certainty effectiveness.

Язык: Английский

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Environmental factors and soil properties that drive the distribution and diversity patterns of weeds and ecosystem multifunctionality in alpine grassland

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 305, С. 111103 - 111103

Опубликована: Март 24, 2025

Язык: Английский

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