Ekonomikalia Journal of Economics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 3(1), С. 47 - 63
Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2025
Climate change is a global concern driven by increasing pollution through rising CO2 emissions and growing ecological footprint from human activities. This research investigates how environmental quality (proxied footprint) in Indonesia affected multiple factors, including natural disasters, fossil fuels, renewable energy consumption, economic growth, capital formation 1965 to 2022. The analysis employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, with robustness ensured using Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), followed Granger causality tests examine dynamic relationships between variables. findings show that fuel growth contribute long run, while consumption helps reduce them. Natural disasters exhibit negative but insignificant impact on footprint. Economic increases footprint, whereas it run. In short fuels are found increase emissions, reduces Additionally, test confirms unidirectional relationship both quality. study recommends implement integrated strategies focused accelerating green adoption enhancing disaster resilience achieve
Язык: Английский