Advanced Intelligent Systems,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
4D
printing
with
carbon
nanotube
(CNT)‐reinforced
polymers
enables
advanced
shape‐changing
materials
but
faces
challenges
in
CNT
dispersion
and
performance.
This
study
addresses
these
limitations
by
functionalizing
CNTs
polyethylene
glycol
(PEG),
significantly
enhancing
interfacial
bonding
within
biocompatible
polyvinyl
chloride
(PVC)‐polycaprolactone
(PCL)
composites.
The
composites,
tailored
for
biomedical
applications
a
glass
transition
temperature
(T
g
)
of
37–41
°C,
exhibit
enhanced
mechanical,
thermal,
shape‐memory
properties.
At
0.5
wt%
CNT,
the
composite
achieves
25%
increase
tensile
strength,
95.78%
shape
fixity,
5‐s
recovery
time,
offering
an
optimal
balance
flexibility,
rapid
recovery.
Higher
concentrations
(5
wt%)
further
improve
thermal
stability,
increasing
decomposition
20
°C
storage
modulus
670
MPa,
although
ductility
is
reduced.
PEG
grafting
prevents
agglomeration,
enabling
high
filler
loading
without
compromising
printability,
as
confirmed
through
uniform
nanoparticle
defect‐free
fused
deposition
modeling
(FDM)‐printed
structures.
These
intelligent
composites
combine
biocompatibility,
durability,
excellent
performance,
making
them
suitable
diverse
structural
applications,
such
adaptive
medical
devices,
ergonomic
shoe
soles,
wearable
biosensors.
novel
material
provides
versatile
platform
high‐performance,
4D‐printed
systems
that
address
current
polymer
nanocomposites
advance
engineering
innovations.
Materials Research Express,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(1), С. 015301 - 015301
Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2024
Abstract
This
study
focused
on
a
modified
Fused
Deposition
Modeling
(FDM)
3D
printing
method,
specifically
the
direct
pellet
of
propylene-based
thermoplastic
elastomer,
Vistamaxx™
6202,
to
address
challenges
like
printability
and
weak
mechanical
properties.
The
main
objective
was
optimizing
parameters
investigating
their
impact
Taguchi
method
used
design
experiments,
reducing
required
experiments
maximize
desired
Three
influential
were
chosen,
each
changing
three
levels.
By
employing
number
decreased
from
27
full
factorials
9.
Regression
models
created
through
analysis
variance
(ANOVA)
verified
by
additional
experiments.
Tensile
tests
performed
according
ASTM
D638
standard.
SEM
imaging
assess
interlayer
adhesion
structural
integrity.
results
demonstrated
satisfactory
integrity
printed
samples.
Notably,
elastomers
achieved
significant
stretchability,
reaching
up
5921.3%.
tensile
strength
5.22
MPa,
with
modulus
1.7
MPa.
effect
parameter
contribution
percentage
strength,
elongation,
elastic
obtained
analysis.
Journal of Materials Chemistry B,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(23), С. 5678 - 5689
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
A
combinatorial
biofabrication
strategy
comprising
design-guided
shape
change
of
3D
printed
structures
followed
by
recovery
is
demonstrated
for
realizing
complex
in
the
presence
cells,
such
as
cellularized
vascular
grafts.
Macromolecules,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
57(15), С. 7315 - 7330
Опубликована: Июль 31, 2024
This
study
investigates
the
influence
of
a
ethylene-glycidyl
methacrylate
copolymer
(EGMA)
on
shape
memory
effect
(SME)
and
impact
resistance
PETG/EGMA
thermoplastic
vulcanizates
(TPVs).
The
TPVs
were
prepared
by
dynamic
vulcanization
through
simple
melt
blending
polymers
without
need
for
curing
agents
such
as
DCP
or
sulfur.
Simultaneously,
in
situ
reactive
compatibilization
was
achieved
solely,
any
compatibilizer.
SME,
mechanical,
thermomechanical,
rheological,
chemical,
morphological
properties
characterized.
Surprisingly,
(80/20)
blend
exhibited
an
strength
835.9
J/m,
which
is
15
times
higher
than
that
neat
PETG
(53.5
J/m).
Increasing
EGMA
concentration
significantly
improved
effect.
(50/50)
demonstrated
excellent
recovery
(Rr)
84.2%,
approximately
2.5
(33.4%),
with
fixity
(Rf)
100%.
approach
presented
this
work
offers
practical,
simple,
low-cost
obtaining
high
effect,
opening
up
possibilities
application
material
various
fields.
Polymers,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(11), С. 1526 - 1526
Опубликована: Май 29, 2024
This
study
investigated
the
thermomechanical
behavior
of
4D-printed
polylactic
acid
(PLA),
focusing
on
its
response
to
varying
temperatures
and
strain
rates
in
a
wide
range
below
glass
transition
temperature
(Tg).
The
material
was
characterized
using
tension,
compression,
dynamic
mechanical
thermal
analysis
(DMTA),
confirming
PLA’s
strong
dependency
rate
temperature.
PLA
determined
be
65
°C
(DMTA).
elastic
modulus
changed
from
1045.7
MPa
glassy
phase
1.2
rubber
phase,
showing
great
shape
memory
potential
PLA.
filament
tension
tests
revealed
that
material’s
yield
stress
strongly
depended
at
room
temperature,
with
values
ranging
56
43
MPA
as
decreased.
Using
commercial
FDM
Ultimaker
printer,
cylindrical
compression
samples
were
3D-printed
then
under
thermo-mechanical
conditions.
Thermo-mechanical
conducted
0.0001
s−1
0.1
(Tg)
25,
37,
50
°C.
experimental
showed
had
distinct
stress,
softening,
hardening
very
large
deformations.
Clear
dependence
observed,
particularly
quasi-static
rates,
significantly
influencing
properties,
including
stress.
Yield
varied
110
42
s−1.
also
included
adiabatic
tests,
which
higher
0.01
led
self-heating
due
non-dissipated
generated
heat.
internal
heating
caused
additional
softening
lower
values.
Thermal
imaging
increases
15
18
for
s−1,
respectively.
Macromolecular Materials and Engineering,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2024
Abstract
This
study
explores
the
3D/4D
printing
of
polylactic
acid
(PLA)
composites
reinforced
with
natural
particles
from
mussels
PLA
(MPLA)
and
wheat
(WPLA)
using
fused
filament
fabrication
(FFF).
The
employs
functionally
graded
(FG)
multi‐material
(MM)
processes
emphasizing
biodegradable
bio‐derived
materials.
Shape
memory
polymer
(SMPCs)
various
MM
FG
combinations
are
printed
examined.
microstructure,
mechanical
properties,
flammability,
shape
characteristics
these
SMPCs
evaluated.
findings
demonstrate
that
incorporating
mussel
enhances
performance
PLA,
a
reduced
burning
rate
compared
to
pure
samples.
A
sandwich
composite
structure
shows
superior
strength
in
compression,
tensile,
three‐point
bending
tests,
WMWFG
samples
exhibiting
106%
increase
tensile
WPLA
recovery
fixity
4D‐printed
investigated
specimens
reveal
highest
ratio
≈
93.3%
±
1%.
These
highlight
potential
for
diverse
applications,
spanning
morphing,
human‐material
interaction,
engineering.
Additionally,
research
contributes
sustainability
by
promoting
material
consumption
waste
generation,
as
demonstrated
creating
reusable
lightweight
objects
such
miniature
pots,
cutlery,
holders,
grippers,
wrappers.
Polymers for Advanced Technologies,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
36(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Novel
shape
memory
thermoplastic
vulcanizates
(TPVs)
based
on
polylactic
acid
(PLA)
and
chloroprene
rubber
(CR)
have
been
fabricated
via
a
dicumyl
peroxide
(DCP)‐induced
dynamic
vulcanization
process.
In
situ,
melt
reactive
compatibilization
was
achieved
by
molecular
grafting
of
PLA
onto
the
CR
chains.
This
evidenced
ATR‐FT‐IR
spectroscopy,
swelling
test,
mechanical
thermal
analysis
(DMTA)
results.
Field
emission
scanning
electron
microscopy
revealed
co‐continuous
morphology
for
dynamically
vulcanized
PLA/CR
blends
even
at
70/30
phase
ratio
compared
to
unvulcanized
counterpart
samples.
novel
microstructure
surprisingly
indicated
network
with
excellent
performance
fixity
close
100%
high
recovery
~90%
pure
PLA.
Furthermore,
vulcanizate
displayed
significantly
improved
tensile
impact
strength
in
comparison
blends,
which
are
attributed
both
blend
chemically
cross‐linked
nature
The
DMTA
results
illustrated
higher
elastic
modulus
TPVs
as
result
their
unique
microstructure.
Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 1 - 14
Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025
In
this
study,
we
aimed
at
fabricating
scaffolds
with
varying
pore
geometry
using
a
low-cost
FFF
based
AM
technique
to
investigate
the
effect
of
different
architecture
on
cell
attachment
and
proliferation.
Poly
lactic
acid
(PLA),
being
nontoxic,
&
biodegradable,
has
been
widely
investigated
in
field
tissue
engineering
regenerative
medicine.
Four
groups
PLA
uniform
size
(500
µm)
were
designed,
fabricated
characterized
for
compressive
strength,
geometrical
stability,
in-vitro
degradation
seeding
potential.
All
exhibited
comparable
strength
range
10–20
MPa.
The
3D
printed
seeded
MC3T3
cells
potential
varied
adhesion
profiles,
~70%
as
highest
efficiency
case
scaffold
rhombus
hexagon
geometry.
grows
well
all
over
an
extended
period,
confirming
their
biocompatibility.
square
almost
six
folds
after
72
h
seeding,
making
it
better
choice
other
scaffolds.
