COVID‐19 in early 2023: Structure, replication mechanism, variants of SARS‐CoV‐2, diagnostic tests, and vaccine & drug development studies

MedComm, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(2)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2023

Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronaviruses-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a highly pathogenic and transmissible coronavirus. Most cases of COVID-19 have mild to moderate symptoms, including cough, fever, myalgias, headache. On the other hand, this coronavirus can lead complications death in some cases. Therefore, vaccination most effective tool prevent eradicate disease. Also, rapid diagnostic tests are critical identifying COVID-19. The pandemic has dynamic structure on agenda contains up-to-date developments. This article comprehensively discussed situation since it first appeared. For time, not only structure, replication mechanism, variants SARS-CoV-2 (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Omicron, Delta, Epsilon, Kappa, Mu, Eta, Zeta, Theta, lota, Lambda) but also all details pandemic, such as how came out, spread, current cases, what precautions should be taken, prevention strategies, vaccines produced, developed, drugs used reviewed every aspect. Herein, comparison for terms procedure, accuracy, cost, time been presented. safety, efficacy, effectiveness against evaluated. Drug studies, therapeutic targets, various immunomodulators, antiviral molecules applied patients with reviewed.

Язык: Английский

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Benzimidazole-Triazole Hybrids as Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents: A Systematic Review

Antibiotics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(7), С. 1220 - 1220

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2023

Bacterial infections have attracted the attention of researchers in recent decades, especially due to special problems they faced, such as their increasing diversity and resistance antibiotic treatment. The emergence development SARS-CoV-2 infection stimulated even more research find new structures with antimicrobial antiviral properties. Among heterocyclic compounds remarkable therapeutic properties, benzimidazoles, triazoles stand out, possessing antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, anti-Alzheimer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidiabetic, or anti-ulcer activities. In addition, literature last decade reports benzimidazole-triazole hybrids improved biological properties compared simple mono-heterocyclic compounds. This review aims provide an update on synthesis methods these hybrids, along activities, well structure-activity relationship reported literature. It was found that presence certain groups grafted onto benzimidazole and/or triazole nuclei (-F, -Cl, -Br, -CF3, -NO2, -CN, -CHO, -OH, OCH3, COOCH3), some heterocycles (pyridine, pyrimidine, thiazole, indole, isoxazole, thiadiazole, coumarin) increases activity hybrids. Also, oxygen sulfur atom bridge connecting rings generally mentions only benzimidazole-1,2,3-triazole Both for additional ring activity, which is agreement three-dimensional binding mode summarizes advances derivatives potential agents covering articles published from 2000 2023.

Язык: Английский

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Virological characteristics correlating with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein fusogenicity

Frontiers in Virology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4

Опубликована: Март 14, 2024

Introduction The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein is essential in mediating membrane fusion of the virus with target cells. Several reports demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 S fusogenicity reportedly closely associated intrinsic pathogenicity determined using hamster models. However, association between and other virological parameters remains elusive. Methods In this study, we investigated (e.g., S1/S2 cleavage efficiency, plaque size, pseudoviral infectivity, pseudovirus entry viral replication kinetics) eleven previous variants concern (VOCs) interest (VOIs) correlating fusogenicity. Results discussion was found to be strongly correlated efficiency size formed by clinical isolates. less kinetics. Taken together, our results suggest could potential indicators predict newly emerged variants.

Язык: Английский

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Nanobody-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Rapid Antigen Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV Proteins

ACS Synthetic Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical need for pathogen detection methods that offer both low limits and rapid results. Despite advancements in simplifying enhancing nucleic acid amplification techniques, immunochemical remain preferred mass testing. These eliminate specialized laboratories highly skilled personnel, making home testing feasible. Here, we developed nanobody-based lateral flow assays (LFAs) of SARS-CoV-2 MERS-CoV single dual formats as point-of-care diagnostic tools. LFAs are sensitive successfully detected analytes at clinically relevant cutoff values. Additionally, our results confirmed have a long shelf life can be produced cost-effectively with ease.

Язык: Английский

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Electrochemical (bio-)sensors operating in human physiological fluids

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

This thesis is focused on developing electrochemical (bio-)sensors specifically designed to detect biomolecules and bacteria in human physiological fluids. A more comprehensive understanding of their performance can be obtained by exposing the sensors real Thus, four biosensors were tested saliva, plasma, blood, urine. Specifically, a voltammetric electronic tongue, integrating six different electrode materials, was developed qualitatively assess SARS-CoV-2 saliva samples using principal component analysis. tubular enzyme-based sensor utilizing incorporated cellobiose dehydrogenase an Os(bpy)PVI redox polymer employed for continuous glucose sensing plasma undiluted whole blood under homeostatic conditions. Two concepts label-free detection (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae) artificial urine based metabolic activity due bacterial growth. The first enabled reducing Prussian Blue deposited screen-printed electrodes with wireless data transfer. second bacterial-sensitive utilized characterization identify three types changes. For qualitative investigation changes, nuclear magnetic resonance utilized, flow cytometry used quantify correlate growth electrochemistry. Multivariate statistical analysis applied distinguish bacteria-free bacteria-infected Finally, overview recent advances field non-invasive operating secreted fluids, viz., tears, sweat, urine, give

Язык: Английский

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Engineered two-dimensional nanomaterials based diagnostics integrated with internet of medical things (IoMT) for COVID-19

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 53(8), С. 3774 - 3828

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Engineered 2D nanomaterials-based smartphone-assisted detection approaches integrated with IoMT, focusing on reliable, sensitive, and rapid diagnostics for COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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Acteoside as a Multi-target Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agent: An In-Silico Study

Topics in Catalysis, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025

Abstract This study utilized a comprehensive computational approach to identify multi-targeted drug molecules against prominent SARS-CoV-2 druggable proteins. is considered imperative as the damaging effects of virus still lingers global threat and because increasing awareness enhanced therapeutic efficacy multi-target drug. Thus, we investigated identified novel interventions for from an array previously reported natural antiviral compounds. The systematic virtual screening was achieved by predicting interaction potential selected lead with important target proteins comparing their binding energies that currently approved COVID-19 drugs, some which are also proteins’ co-crystallized ligands. Out 22 compounds, Acteoside (Act) most promising, it exhibited remarkable molecular interactions docking scores − 11.68, 9.81, 8.64, 10.38, 11.75 6.68 kcal/mol Mpro, TMPRSS2, Cath L, RdRp, Sgp, hACE2, respectively. one-compound-multi-target prospect Act demonstrated its strong hydrogen bonding active sites residues Furthermore, stability in protein pockets were free 76.7491, 53.3057, 54.4685, 45.7573 recorded 7BQY-Act, 7MEQ- Act, 5MQY-Act, 7BV2-Act complexes respectively; all competed more favourably than ligands during 200 ns simulation. All our findings suggest potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent can serve development effective therapeutics virus. Graphical

Язык: Английский

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Knowledge, attitudes, prevention and opinion of nursing professionals regarding COVID-19: analytical study

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 33

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Objective: to analyze the relationship between knowledge, prevention, attitudes and opinion of nursing professionals in adult intensive care units regarding COVID-19 their sociodemographic work characteristics. Method: cross-sectional, analytical study. 124 who worked after pandemic were included. To measure variables, Awareness, Attitudes, Prevention Perceptions Outbreak among Nurses questionnaire was used. identify differences groups, following tests used: Kruskal-Wallis Mann-Whitney U, Pearson correlation, multiple analysis logistic regression for each dimension. Results: participants with a workplace private institutions showed tendency towards better scores awareness OR=3.92 (95%CI:1.50; 10.25), prevention OR=8.93 (95%CI:3.12; 25.565), attitude OR=2.77 (95%CI: 1.16; 6.58) perception an OR= 19.65 5.85; 65.94). In attitude, male result OR=3.31 1.18; 9.23) relation perception, those best results postgraduate studies as specialists OR=7.60 1.73; 33.23). Conclusion: working institution having specialization degree related dimensions scale.

Язык: Английский

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Conocimientos, actitudes, prevención y opinión de los profesionales de enfermería frente al COVID-19: estudio analítico

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 33

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Objetivo: analizar la relación entre el conocimiento, prevención, actitudes y opinión de los profesionales enfermería en unidades cuidado intensivo adulto frente al COVID-19 sus características sociodemográficas laborales. Método: estudio transversal, analítico. Se incluyeron 124 que laboraron Unidades Cuidado posterior a pandemia por COVID-19. Para medición las variables se utilizó cuestionario Awareness, Attitudes, Prevention and Perceptions of Outbreak among Nurses; para identificar diferencias grupos utilizaron pruebas: Kruskal-Wallis U Mann-Whitney, realizó correlación Pearson, análisis múltiple regresión logística cada una dimensión. Resultados: participantes con lugar trabajo instituciones privadas presentaron tendencia mejores puntajes conciencia OR=3.92(IC95%:1.50; 10.25), prevención OR=8.93(IC95%:3.12; 25.565), actitud OR=2.77(IC95%:1.16; 6.58) percepción un OR=19.65(IC95%:5.85; 65.94). En actitud, género masculino mostraron mejor resultado OR=3.31(IC95%:1.18; 9.23) quienes fueron aquellos posgrado como especialistas OR=7.60(IC95%:1.73; 33.23). Conclusión: desempeñarse laboralmente institución privada tener tipo especialización relacionaron dimensiones escala.

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Conhecimento, atitudes, prevenção e opinião de profissionais de enfermagem frente à COVID-19: estudo analítico

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 33

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Objetivo: analisar a relação entre o conhecimento, prevenção, as atitudes e opinião dos profissionais de enfermagem unidades terapia intensiva adultos em à COVID-19 às suas características sociodemográficas trabalho. Método: estudo transversal analítico. Foram incluídos 124 que atuavam adulta após pandemia COVID-19. Para mensurar variáveis foi utilizado questionário Awareness, Attitudes, Prevention and Perceptions of Outbreak among Nurses. identificar diferenças os grupos foram utilizados testes Kruskal-Wallis Mann-Whitney U, correlação Pearson análise múltipla regressão logística para cada dimensão. Resultados: participantes com vínculo laboral instituições privadas apresentaram tendência melhores escores conscientização OR=3,92(IC95%:1,50; 10,25), prevenção OR=8,93(IC95%:3,12; 25,565), atitude OR=2,77 (IC95%: 1,16; 6,58) na percepção OR=19,65 5,85; 65,94). Na atitude, do sexo masculino melhor resultado OR=3,31 1,18; 9,23) percepção, quem apresentou resultados aqueles pós-graduação como especialistas OR=7,60 1,73; 33,23). Conclusão: trabalhar instituição privada possuir tipo especialização estiveram relacionados pontuações nas dimensões da escala.

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