Autism spectrum disorder: pathogenesis, biomarker, and intervention therapy

MedComm, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has become a common neurodevelopmental disorder. The heterogeneity of ASD poses great challenges for its research and clinical translation. On the basis reviewing ASD, this review systematically summarized current status progress pathogenesis, diagnostic markers, interventions ASD. We provided an overview molecular mechanisms identified by multi‐omics studies convergent mechanism in different genetic backgrounds. comorbidities, associated with important physiological metabolic abnormalities (i.e., inflammation, immunity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction), gut microbial were reviewed. non‐targeted omics targeting markers also Moreover, we methods behavioral educational interventions, intervention related to technological devices, on medical potential drug targets. This highlighted application high‐throughput emphasized importance seeking homogeneity from exploring convergence disease mechanisms, biomarkers, approaches, proposes that taking into account individuality commonality may be key achieve accurate diagnosis treatment

Язык: Английский

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Can Memantine Treat Autism? Answers from Preclinical and Clinical Studies

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 169, С. 106019 - 106019

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Virtual environments as a novel and promising approach in (neuro)diagnosis and (neuro)therapy: a perspective on the example of autism spectrum disorder

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025

Over the last three decades, dynamically evolving research using novel technologies, including virtual environments (VEs), has presented promising solutions for neuroscience and neuropsychology. This article explores known potential benefits drawbacks of employing modern technologies diagnosing treating developmental disorders, exemplified by autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD's complex nature is ideal illustrating advantages disadvantages digital world. While VEs' possibilities remain under-explored, they offer enhanced diagnostics treatment options ASD, augmenting traditional approaches. Unlike real-world obstacles primarily rooted in social challenges overwhelming environments, these provide unique compensatory opportunities ASD-related deficits. From our perspective addition to other recent work, should be adapted suit specific needs individuals with ASD.

Язык: Английский

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Investigation of Neuronal–Astroglial Injury Proteins and MMP‐9 Serum Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Relationship With Autistic Regression

International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 85(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Objective This study compared serum levels of S100B, GFAP, UCHL‐1, NF‐H and MMP‐9 between children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) controls, focusing on their association regression in ASD. We hypothesized that neuroinflammation neuronal/astroglial damage markers would be higher the ASD group than controls even more elevated regressive subgroup to non‐regressive subgroup. Methods The included 50 (ages 4–10) 30 healthy children. Participants underwent K‐SADS‐PL diagnostic interview, CARS, a semi‐structured interview for regression, ABC, AuBC, CPRS‐RS SRS assessments. Serum were measured using flow cytometry ELISA. Results showed no significant differences control groups. Within group, notable found sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, or marker those without regression. Conclusion findings obtained this suggested it is necessary question whether peripheral circulation can represent changes central nervous system review existence autistic as separate entity terms features etiopathogenesis.

Язык: Английский

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Altered monocyte subpopulations and their association with autism spectrum disorder risk in children

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 126, С. 315 - 326

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2025

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. Emerging evidence suggests link between immune dysregulation ASD. This study investigates alterations monocyte subpopulations cytokine production children with ASD their potential associations risk severity. Initially, the status of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was assessed cohort-I 96 typically developing (TD) 92 diagnosed using flow cytometry. Subsequently, secretion cytokines IL-6 IL-10 monocytes evaluated following stimulation leukocyte activation mixture intracellular protein staining technique cohort-II. Children exhibited significantly higher levels total monocytes, classical (CD14hi/CD16-), non-classical (CD14low/CD16+) compared to TD (p < 0.001). Elevated (β: 0.395; 95 %CI: 0.260-0.530; p 0.001) 0.629; 0.516-0.742; were associated after adjusting for age, sex body mass index. Furthermore, increased observed = Logistic regression analysis revealed that (OR: 1.104; 1.062-1.147; 0.001), 2.913; 2.130-3.986; 1.306; 1.096-1.557; 0.003) are factors Spearman correlation negative adaptive behavior developmental quotient (DQ) (r - 0.377; fine motor DQ 0.329; personal-social 0.247; 0.029) may influence outcomes. Further research needed elucidate precise mechanisms therapeutic implications.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of probiotic supplements on behavioural and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomised controlled trial

BMJ Paediatrics Open, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 9(1), С. e003045 - e003045

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

To investigate whether probiotic supplementation can improve behavioural and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged 2-9 years further explore the correlation between these symptoms. Single-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled study. Five developmental paediatric outpatient clinics of 'Continua Kids'. Children diagnosed ASD along their caregivers. Probiotic or placebo sachet reconstituted 50 mL lukewarm milk/water, taken two times per day for 3 months. Change (measured by Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2) Aberrant Behaviour Checklist-2 (ABC-2) tools) GI Severity Index (GSI) score) after receiving intervention A total 180 were enrolled study (probiotic group: 90 90). All completed The group showed a significant reduction symptom severity as measured SRS-2 tool (47.77% vs 23.33%; p=0.000) compared placebo. Probiotic-treated demonstrated reductions severe symptoms, including social withdrawal/lethargy (40%), stereotypic behaviour (37.77%), hyperactivity (34.44%) inappropriate speech (32.22%) post-intervention (p=0.000). They also had marked improvements constipation (p=0.003) diarrhoea (p=0.043) group. Both groups exhibited statistically improved no adverse effects. significantly correlated. However, results need to be validated larger sample size. CTRI/2021/11/038213.

Язык: Английский

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Abnormal Functional Connectivity of the Primary Sensory Network in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Sex Differences, Early Overdevelopment, and Clinical Significance

Brain and Behavior, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Introduction Primary sensory processing is atypical in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and affects daily functioning. However, the functional connectivity (FC) patterns of primary networks ASD have not been systematically investigated. Methods were defined as four regions interest (ROIs) each brain hemisphere. We analyzed ROI‐wise FC 105 individuals 132 typically developing (TD) participants from Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange I. calculated correlation between abnormal clinical scores. Additionally, data 53 our laboratory's two‐site dataset used to validate results assess effects sex age on consistency. Results Regarding connectivity, significant group differences emerged several regional pairs, particularly auditory somatosensory regions. Abnormal correlated symptoms. As increased, had an initial fast then slowing development trend, females was higher than that males. The consistent those multisite assessing influence FC. Conclusion exists cortex ASD, which correlates outcomes may cause impairments advanced cognitive functions. In addition, undergo excessive growth early stages demonstrate imbalanced according sex. These findings help identify new biomarkers for ASD.

Язык: Английский

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Cerebrospinal fluid metabolomics in autistic regression reveals dysregulation of sphingolipids and decreased β-hydroxybutyrate

EBioMedicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 114, С. 105664 - 105664

Опубликована: Март 26, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The role of zinc dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A systematic review of genetic and environmental influences and therapeutic potential

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Environmental pollutants as risk factors for autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

BMC Public Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2024

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition affecting communication, social interaction, and behavior. Evidence suggests that environmental pollutants are associated with ASD incidence. This review aimed to analyze the effect of on ASD. Systematic meta-analysis cohort studies evaluated association between exposure We searched COCHRANE CENTRAL, MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web Science, SciELO, gray literature from inception January 2023. The model used for was inverse variance heterogeneity (IVhet). measures were beta coefficient (β) relative risk (RR) their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Sensitivity analyses carried out using an instrument screen or diagnose autism. A total 5,780 identified; 27 included in systematic review, 22 meta-analysis. These 1,289,183 participants 129 pollutants. Individual meta-analyses found significant nitrogen dioxide RR = 1.20 CI: 1.03 1.38; I2: 91%), copper 1.08 1.13; 0%), mono-3-carboxy propyl phthalate β 0.45 0.20 0.70; monobutyl 0.43 0.13 0.73; 0%) polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 138 1.84 1.14 2.96; I2:0%) Subgroup carbon monoxide 1.57 1.25 1.97; oxides 1.09 1.04 1.15; 34%) metals 1.13 1.01 1.27; I2:24%). study positive associations dioxide, copper, mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate, PCB 138, development ASD, likewise, subgroups monoxide, oxides, metals. Therefore, it important identify these factors children adolescents contribute prevention strategies effectively.

Язык: Английский

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