Beyond Cholesterol: Emerging Risk Factors in Atherosclerosis
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(7), С. 2352 - 2352
Опубликована: Март 29, 2025
Atherosclerosis
remains
a
leading
cause
of
cardiovascular
morbidity
and
mortality
worldwide,
traditionally
linked
to
elevated
cholesterol
levels,
particularly
low-density
lipoprotein
(LDL-C).
However,
despite
aggressive
lipid-lowering
strategies,
residual
risk
persists,
underscoring
the
need
explore
additional
contributing
factors.
This
review
examines
emerging
factors
beyond
cholesterol,
including
chronic
inflammation,
gut
microbiota
composition,
oxidative
stress,
environmental
exposures.
Inflammation
plays
pivotal
role
in
atherogenesis,
with
markers
such
as
C-reactive
protein
(CRP),
interleukin-6
(IL-6),
tumor
necrosis
factor-alpha
(TNF-α)
serving
indicators
disease
activity.
The
microbiome,
metabolites
like
trimethylamine
N-oxide
(TMAO),
has
been
implicated
vascular
inflammation
plaque
development,
while
beneficial
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs)
demonstrate
protective
effects.
Oxidative
stress
further
exacerbates
endothelial
dysfunction
instability,
driven
by
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
lipid
peroxidation.
Additionally,
factors,
air
pollution,
heavy
metal
exposure,
endocrine
disruptors,
psychological
have
emerged
significant
contributors
disease.
Understanding
these
novel
offers
broader
perspective
on
atherosclerosis
pathogenesis
provides
new
avenues
for
targeted
prevention
therapeutic
interventions.
Язык: Английский
Weight Reduction with GLP-1 Agonists and Paths for Discontinuation While Maintaining Weight Loss
Biomolecules,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(3), С. 408 - 408
Опубликована: Март 13, 2025
Worldwide,
nearly
40%
of
adults
are
overweight
and
13%
obese.
Health
consequences
excess
weight
include
cardiovascular
diseases,
type
2
diabetes,
dyslipidemia,
increased
mortality.
Treating
obesity
is
challenging
calorie
restriction
often
leads
to
rebound
gain.
Treatments
such
as
bariatric
surgery
create
hesitancy
among
patients
due
their
invasiveness.
GLP-1
medications
have
revolutionized
loss
can
reduce
body
in
obese
by
between
15%
25%
on
average
after
about
1
year.
Their
mode
action
mimic
the
endogenous
GLP-1,
an
intestinal
hormone
that
regulates
glucose
metabolism
satiety.
However,
drugs
carry
known
risks
and,
since
use
for
recent,
may
unforeseen
well.
They
a
boxed
warning
people
with
personal
or
family
history
medullary
thyroid
carcinoma
multiple
endocrine
neoplasia
syndrome
2.
Gastrointestinal
adverse
events
(nausea,
vomiting,
diarrhea)
fairly
common
while
pancreatitis
obstruction
rarer.
There
be
lean
mass
well
premature
facial
aging.
A
significant
disadvantage
using
these
high
rate
regain
when
they
discontinued.
Achieving
success
pharmacologic
treatment
then
weaning
avoid
future
negative
effects
would
ideal.
Язык: Английский
Regulation of pyroptosis by natural products in ulcerative colitis: mechanisms and therapeutic potential
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2025
Ulcerative
colitis
(UC),
a
chronic
inflammatory
bowel
disease,
is
driven
by
dysregulated
immune
responses
and
persistent
intestinal
inflammation.
Pyroptosis,
caspase/gasdermin-mediated
cell
death
that
exacerbates
mucosal
damage
through
excessive
cytokine
release
epithelial
barrier
disruption.
Although
pyroptosis
considered
to
be
key
mechanism
in
the
pathogenesis
of
UC,
systematic
assessment
role
natural
products
targeting
pathway
remains
critical
research
gap.
The
purpose
this
review
investigate
regulatory
effects
on
UC
elucidate
mechanisms
action
potential
therapeutic
effects.
Key
findings
highlight
polyphenols
(e.g.,
resveratrol),
flavonoids
Quercetin),
terpenoids
as
promising
agents
inhibit
NLRP3
inflammasome
activation,
suppress
gasdermin
D
cleavage,
restore
integrity,
thereby
reducing
pro-inflammatory
preclinical
models.
Current
evidence
shows
enhanced
efficacy
safety
when
these
compounds
are
combined
with
standard
therapies,
but
clinical
translation
requires
overcoming
three
barriers:
limited
human
trial
data,
uncharacterized
polypharmacology,
suboptimal
pharmacokinetics
needing
formulation
refinement.
Future
should
prioritize
standardized
animal-to-human
translational
models,
mechanistic
studies
synergistic
pathways,
rigorous
validation
harness
full
pyroptosis-targeted
therapies.
Язык: Английский
Advances in Pathogenesis and Therapeutics of Hepatobiliary Diseases II
Biomedicines,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
13(4), С. 904 - 904
Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2025
Hepatobiliary
diseases,
including
liver
fibrosis,
cirrhosis,
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC),
and
cholestatic
disorders,
pose
significant
global
health
challenges
due
to
their
complex
pathogenesis
limited
treatment
options
[...]
Язык: Английский
Advances in Metabolomics: A Comprehensive Review of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Interactions
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
26(8), С. 3572 - 3572
Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2025
Type
2
diabetes
(T2D)
and
cardiovascular
diseases
(CVDs)
are
major
public
health
challenges
worldwide.
Metabolomics,
the
exhaustive
assessment
of
metabolites
in
biological
systems,
offers
important
insights
regarding
metabolic
disturbances
related
to
these
disorders.
Recent
advances
toward
integration
metabolomics
into
clinical
practice
facilitate
discovery
novel
biomarkers
that
can
improve
diagnosis,
prognosis,
treatment
T2D
CVDs
discussed
this
review.
Metabolomics
potential
characterize
key
alterations
associated
with
disease
pathophysiology
treatment.
is
a
heterogeneous
develops
through
diverse
pathophysiological
processes
molecular
mechanisms;
therefore,
disease-causing
pathways
not
completely
understood.
studies
have
identified
several
robust
clusters
variants
representing
biologically
meaningful,
distinct
pathways,
such
as
beta
cell
proinsulin
cluster
pancreatic
insulin
secretion,
obesity,
lipodystrophy,
liver/lipid
cluster,
glycemia,
blood
pressure,
syndrome
different
causing
resistance.
Regarding
CVDs,
recent
allowed
metabolomic
profile
delineate
contribute
atherosclerosis
heart
failure,
well
development
targeted
therapy.
This
review
also
covers
role
integrated
genomics
other
omics
platforms
better
understand
mechanisms,
along
transition
precision
medicine.
further
investigates
use
multi-metabolite
modeling
enhance
risk
prediction
models
for
predicting
first
occurrence
adverse
events
among
individuals
T2D,
highlighting
value
approaches
optimizing
preventive
therapeutic
used
practice.
Язык: Английский
Integrated network pharmacology, metabolomics, and microbiome studies to reveal the therapeutic effects of Anacyclus pyrethrum in PD–MCI mice
Phytomedicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
142, С. 156729 - 156729
Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2025
Anacyclus
pyrethrum
(l.)
DC
has
potential
value
in
treating
Parkinson's
disease
(PD)-mild
cognitive
impairment
(MCI),
manifesting
as
impaired
memory,
attention,
executive
function,
and
language.
However,
the
specific
targets
modes
of
action
A.
remain
unclear.
The
aim
this
study
was
to
identify
active
components
examine
their
effectiveness
a
mouse
model
PD-MCI.
We
generated
ethanol
extracts
root
(EEAP)
identified
its
related
using
UHPLC-MS/MS
network
pharmacology.The
PD-MCI
induced
via
intraperitoneal
administration
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP).
After
following
continuous
EEAP,Altered
learning
or
well
anxiety,
were
tested
morris
water
maze,
eight-arm
radial
arm
maze
(RAM),
open-field
test,elevated
plus-maze.
Brain
histopathology
ultrastructural
changes
examined
brightfield
microscopy,
electron
respectively.
Furthermore,
protein
expression
assessed
western
blotting.Stool
samples
used
for
metabolomics
analysis
by
16S
rDNA
sequencing
determine
compositional
gut
microbiota.We
conducted
short-chain
fatty
acid
targeted
experiment
role
gut-brain
axis
Using
UPLC-MS-MS,
126
compounds
from
samples.After
searching
databases
literature
reports,
31
544
drug-disease
screened.
Biological
processes
molecular
functions,
such
energy
channels,
cell
signaling,
metabolism,
discovered
through
GO
analysis.
showed
that
average
swimming
distance
escape
latency
mice
EEAP
groups
decreased.
had
much
higher
number
errors
working
memory
than
control
mice.
In
open
field
experiment,
compared
with
group,
group
exhibited
an
increase
movement
speed
total
distance,
along
decrease
residence
time.In
elevated
plus
less
anxiety
Model.
Donepezil/Levodopa(D/l)
mitigated
anxiety-like
behavior,
(100-400
mg/kg)
dose-dependent
open-arm
metrics,
suggesting
it
may
ease
mice.Hippocampal
tissue
treated
different
doses
intact
cellular
layers
hematoxylin-eosin-stained
cones
slightly
better;cells
arranged
neatly;
morphology
normal,
distributed
uniformly.
Electron
microscopy
revealed
nuclear
membrane,
chromatin,
nucleoli
clearly
demarcated
hippocampus
EEAP,
contrary
group.
brain
lighter
thinner
bands
amyloid
precursor
(APP)
Aβ
observed
those
mice,
APP
blank
shown
stronger
bands.
EEAP-treated
weaker,
indicating
reduced
expression.
lower
Bcl-2
Bax
levels.
treatment
increased
decreased
expression.Compared
substantially
low
glutathione
peroxidase
(GSH-Px),superoxide
dismutase(SOD),catalase
(CAT)activity
(p
<
0.05),much
0.05)
EEAP-H
model.
intervention
significantly
modulated
fecal
metabolic
profile
abundance
steroid
lipid
metabolites,
including
linoleylethanolamine,
markedly
altered
reversing
several
these
abnormalities.
PLS-DA
OPLS-DA
significant
separation
between
(Q2=
0.542,
p
0.01),
confirming
effect.
Random
forest
15
key
markers,
d-glutamine
hydrocodone.
Metabolic
pathway
demonstrated
enrichment
phenylalanine,
tyrosine,
tryptophan
arginine
biosynthesis
pathways
0.05).
Support
Vector
Machine
(SVM)
achieved
AUC
approaching
1,
substantial
differences
metabolite
profiles.
influenced
composition
functional
intestinal
microbiota.
Venn
diagram
illustrates
each
shared
342
operational
taxonomic
units
(OTUs),
400
exhibiting
distinct
Bacteroidetes
proportion.
LEfSe
g_Prevotella
characteristic
bacterium
c_Epsilonproteobacteria
g_Adlercreutzia
100
Faith's
Phylogenetic
Diversity
(PD)
index
highest
Non-metric
Multidimensional
Scaling
(NMDS)/Principal
Coordinates
Analysis
(PCoA)
microbial
community
structure.
Short-chain
acids
(SCFAs)
indicated
acetic
predominant
metabolite,
while
dose-dependently
regulated
propionic
isovaleric
levels
(VIP
>
0.001).
These
findings
demonstrate
exerts
regulatory
effects
reshaping
structure
functions
holds
great
promise
therapeutic
agent
PD-MCI,
exerting
multiple
mechanisms,
regulating
expression,
modulating
profile,
microbiota
metabolites.
Язык: Английский
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis: Pathogenesis, Diseases, Prevention, and Therapy
MedComm,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
6(5)
Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2025
ABSTRACT
Dysbiosis
refers
to
the
disruption
of
gut
microbiota
balance
and
is
pathological
basis
various
diseases.
The
main
pathogenic
mechanisms
include
impaired
intestinal
mucosal
barrier
function,
inflammation
activation,
immune
dysregulation,
metabolic
abnormalities.
These
involve
dysfunctions
in
gut–brain
axis,
gut–liver
others
cause
broader
effects.
Although
association
between
diseases
caused
by
dysbiosis
has
been
extensively
studied,
many
questions
remain
regarding
specific
treatment
strategies.
This
review
begins
examining
causes
summarizes
potential
representative
imbalance.
It
integrates
clinical
evidence
explore
preventive
therapeutic
strategies
targeting
emphasizing
importance
understanding
dysbiosis.
Finally,
we
summarized
development
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
research
suggested
that
it
will
play
a
critical
role
future
studies
on
combining
multiomics
technologies
AI
further
uncover
complex
drive
personalized
Язык: Английский