Gut/brain axis and the microbiota

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 125(3), С. 926 - 938

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2015

Tremendous progress has been made in characterizing the bidirectional interactions between central nervous system, enteric and gastrointestinal tract. A series of provocative preclinical studies have suggested a prominent role for gut microbiota these gut-brain interactions. Based on using rodents raised germ-free environment, appears to influence development emotional behavior, stress- pain-modulation systems, brain neurotransmitter systems. Additionally, perturbations by probiotics antibiotics exert modulatory effects some measures adult animals. Current evidence suggests that multiple mechanisms, including endocrine neurocrine pathways, may be involved microbiota-to-brain signaling can turn alter microbial composition behavior via autonomic system. Limited information is available how findings translate healthy humans or disease states involving gut/brain axis. Future research needs focus confirming rodent are translatable human physiology diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, autism, anxiety, depression, Parkinson's disease.

Язык: Английский

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Association of brain amyloidosis with pro-inflammatory gut bacterial taxa and peripheral inflammation markers in cognitively impaired elderly

Neurobiology of Aging, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 49, С. 60 - 68

Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Colonic bacterial composition in Parkinson's disease

Movement Disorders, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 30(10), С. 1351 - 1360

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2015

Abstract Introduction We showed that Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have alpha‐synuclein (α‐Syn) aggregation in their colon with evidence of colonic inflammation. If PD altered microbiota, dysbiosis might be the mechanism neuroinflammation leads to α‐Syn misfolding and pathology. Methods Sixty‐six sigmoid mucosal biopsies 65 fecal samples were collected from 38 34 healthy controls. Mucosal‐associated feces microbiota compositions characterized using high‐throughput ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Data correlated clinical measures PD, a predictive assessment microbial community functional potential was used identify functions. Results The significantly different than control subjects, showing more marked differences mucosa. At taxonomic level genus, putative, “anti‐inflammatory” butyrate‐producing bacteria genera Blautia , Coprococcus Roseburia abundant controls patients. Bacteria genus Faecalibacterium mucosa PD. Putative, “proinflammatory” Proteobacteria Ralstonia Predictive metagenomics indicated large number genes involved metabolism lower microbiome, whereas lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis type III bacterial secretion systems higher Conclusion This report provides proinflammatory is present could trigger inflammation‐induced development © 2015 International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society

Язык: Английский

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Short chain fatty acids and gut microbiota differ between patients with Parkinson's disease and age-matched controls

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 32, С. 66 - 72

Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2016

Язык: Английский

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The gut microbiome in neurological disorders

The Lancet Neurology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 19(2), С. 179 - 194

Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease

The Lancet Neurology, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 14(6), С. 625 - 639

Опубликована: Май 10, 2015

Язык: Английский

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The Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 46(1), С. 77 - 89

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Stool consistency is strongly associated with gut microbiota richness and composition, enterotypes and bacterial growth rates

Gut, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 65(1), С. 57 - 62

Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2015

Objective

The assessment of potentially confounding factors affecting colon microbiota composition is essential to the identification robust microbiome based disease markers. Here, we investigate link between gut variation and stool consistency using Bristol Stool Scale classification, which reflects faecal water content activity, considered a proxy for intestinal transit time.

Design

Through 16S rDNA Illumina profiling samples 53 healthy women, evaluated associations richness, Bacteroidetes:Firmicutes ratio, enterotypes, genus abundance with self-reported, Scale-based consistency. Each sample's growth potential was calculated test whether time acts as selective force on bacterial rates.

Results

strongly correlates all known major It negatively correlated species positively associated linked Akkermansia Methanobrevibacter abundance. Enterotypes are distinctly distributed over BSS-scores. Based correlations scores within both hypothesise that accelerated contributes ecosystem differentiation. While shorter times can be increased fast growing in Ruminococcaceae-Bacteroides samples, hinting washout avoidance strategy faster replication, this trend absent Prevotella-enterotyped individuals. Within enterotype adherence host tissue therefore appears more likely cope washout.

Conclusions

strength enterotypes community emphasises crucial importance metagenome-wide association studies.

Язык: Английский

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Meta-analysis of gut microbiome studies identifies disease-specific and shared responses

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2017

Abstract Hundreds of clinical studies have demonstrated associations between the human microbiome and disease, yet fundamental questions remain on how we can generalize this knowledge. Results from individual be inconsistent, comparing published data is further complicated by a lack standard processing analysis methods. Here introduce MicrobiomeHD database, which includes 28 case–control gut spanning ten diseases. We perform cross-disease meta-analysis these using standardized find consistent patterns characterizing disease-associated changes. Some diseases are associated with over 50 genera, while most show only 10–15 genus-level marked presence potentially pathogenic microbes, whereas others characterized depletion health-associated bacteria. Furthermore, that about half genera bacteria respond to more than one disease. Thus, many found in likely not disease-specific but rather part non-specific, shared response health

Язык: Английский

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Inflammation and immune dysfunction in Parkinson disease

Nature reviews. Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 22(11), С. 657 - 673

Опубликована: Март 4, 2022

Язык: Английский

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