Advances in Heavy Metal Extraction Using Organophosphorus Compounds: A Comprehensive Review

Metals, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(5), С. 524 - 524

Опубликована: Май 6, 2025

Organophosphorus compounds (OPC) are a large class of organic that provide wide range applications, and their importance has grown steadily in recent years. In each category family, these have similarities differences. Due to immense variety, chemicals various properties and, therefore, applications. fact, works been published recently present the main applications OPC, especially metal extraction. Despite extemsive use, optimizing performance as extractant agents remains challenge due structural variability sensitivity process parameters. This review provides critical analysis pentavalent OPCs, focusing on how chemical nature influences heavy extraction efficiency. For first time, we novel classification system for OPCs based phosphorus valency heteroatom coordination, offering framework guide future research. Our findings reveal direct coordination heteroatoms such oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen great influence physicochemical characteristics observation is line with Pearson’s Hard Soft Acids Bases (HSAB) theory sense it demonstrates altering alters affinity ligand. As result, modifications can improve by up 40% some metals, highlighting potential optimized molecular designs maximize industrial future, this work offers solid foundation studies rational design organophosphorus-based extractants. Using HSAB our system, researchers rationally target unparalleled precision. These results transformative impacts recovery efficiency-intensive sectors like mining, waste recycling, clean energy technologies.

Язык: Английский

Preparation and properties of a green material: a seawater degradable polyglycolic acid (PGA)/chitosan (CS) antibacterial composite material

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 144993 - 144993

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2025

Язык: Английский