Abstract
Diabetes
mellitus
is
a
chronic
condition
characterized
by
impaired
insulin
production
or
utilization,
leading
to
serious
complications
such
as
diabetic
foot
ulcers
(DFUs).
DFUs
are
wounds
with
high
levels
of
inflammatory
cytokines,
arterial
occlusion,
and
persistent
infection,
often
resulting
in
significant
morbidity.
Traditional
treatment
methods,
including
debridement,
offloading,
infection
control,
have
shown
limited
success,
prompting
the
exploration
novel
therapeutic
strategies.
Insulin,
known
for
its
role
glucose
metabolism,
also
possesses
wound‐healing
properties
promoting
cell
proliferation,
protein
synthesis,
modulating
inflammation.
However,
systemic
administration
not
ideal
due
hypoglycemia
risks
difficulties
achieving
concentrations
at
wound
sites.
This
review
focuses
on
advanced
drug
delivery
systems
topical
application
dressings.
Various
platforms,
hydrogels,
nanoparticles,
liposomes,
microemulsions
been
developed
optimize
bioavailability,
protect
it
from
degradation,
ensure
controlled
release.
These
aim
enhance
management
addressing
multifactorial
nature
healing
patients.
The
provides
comprehensive
overview
current
advancements,
evaluates
efficacy
these
preclinical
clinical
studies,
discusses
challenges
future
perspectives
this
field.
By
highlighting
potential
innovative
approaches,
underscores
promise
improving
patient
outcomes.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
26(5), С. 1868 - 1868
Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2025
The
phosphoinositide
3-kinase
(PI3K)/AKT/mammalian
target
of
the
rapamycin
(mTOR)
pathway
plays
a
crucial
role
in
regulation
autophagy,
cellular
mechanism
vital
for
homeostasis
through
degradation
damaged
organelles
and
proteins.
dysregulation
this
is
significantly
associated
with
cancer
progression,
metastasis,
resistance
to
therapy.
Targeting
PI3K/AKT/mTOR
signaling
presents
promising
strategy
treatment;
however,
traditional
therapeutics
frequently
encounter
issues
related
nonspecific
distribution
systemic
toxicity.
Nanoparticle-based
drug
delivery
systems
represent
significant
advancement
addressing
these
limitations.
Nanoparticles
enhance
bioavailability,
stability,
targeted
therapeutic
agents,
facilitating
precise
modulation
autophagy
cells.
Functionalized
nanoparticles,
such
as
liposomes,
polymeric
metal-based
nanocarriers,
facilitate
tumor
tissues,
minimizing
off-target
effects
improving
efficacy.
These
can
deliver
multiple
agents
concurrently,
enhancing
PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated
oncogenic
pathways.
This
review
examines
advancements
nanoparticle-mediated
that
pathway,
emphasizing
their
contribution
precision
side
integration
nanotechnology
molecularly
therapies
substantial
potential
resistance.
Future
initiatives
must
prioritize
optimization
clinical
translation
patient
outcomes.
Polymers for Advanced Technologies,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
35(12)
Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024
ABSTRACT
This
review
aims
to
provide
a
comprehensive
analysis
of
recent
advancements
in
smart
microneedles
(MNs)
within
the
biomedical
field,
focusing
on
integration
stimuli‐responsive
polymers
for
enhanced
therapeutic
and
diagnostic
applications.
Conventional
drug
delivery
methods
are
known
face
limitations
precision,
safety,
patient
compliance,
which
can
be
addressed
by
innovative
features
MNs.
Through
use
various
polymers,
these
MNs
have
been
designed
react
environmental
or
physiological
cues,
allowing
on‐demand
release,
biomarker
sensing,
localized
interventions.
Fundamental
materials
used
fabrication
MNs,
including
metals,
composite
hydrogels,
reviewed,
different
categories
stimuli‐responsiveness,
such
as
photo,
electro,
thermal,
mechanical,
biochemical,
explored.
Application‐specific
designs
areas
delivery,
cancer
therapy,
diabetes
management,
skin
disease
treatments
also
examined.
this
discussion,
it
is
highlighted
that
poised
play
significant
role
advancing
personalized
noninvasive
medical
treatments.
Journal of Materials Chemistry B,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
13(10), С. 3222 - 3244
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Biopolymers
or
natural
polymers
like
chitosan,
cellulose,
alginate,
collagen,
etc.
have
gained
significant
interest
recently
due
to
their
remarkable
tunable
properties
that
make
them
appropriate
for
a
variety
of
applications
&
play
crucial
role
in
everyday
life.
The
features
biopolymers
which
include
biodegradability,
biocompatibility,
sustainability,
affordability,
availability
are
vital
creating
products
use
biomedical
fields.
Apart
from
these
characteristics,
smart
stimuli-responsive
also
show
distinctive
property
being
susceptible
various
factors
pH,
temperature,
light
intensity,
electrical
magnetic
current
review
would
present
brief
idea
about
biopolymer
gels
along
with
applications.
as
theranostic
agents
discussed
the
review.
This
focuses
on
application
fields
drug
delivery,
cancer
treatment,
tissue
engineering
wound
healing.
These
areas
demonstrate
development
and
utilization
different
types
Polymers for Advanced Technologies,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
36(2)
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Recent
developments
in
polymer
materials
have
led
to
an
increased
implementation
of
hydrogels
biomedical
settings,
especially
the
creation
smart
hydrogels.
Traditional
single‐network
often
exhibit
challenges,
such
as
poor
mechanical
strength,
insufficient
biocompatibility,
and
slow
response
rates.
To
address
these
issues,
researchers
introduced
Interpenetrating
Polymer
Network
(IPN)
hydrogels,
which
significantly
improve
strength
via
topological
entanglements
physical
interactions.
This
dual‐network
design
not
only
enhances
biocompatibility
but
also
responsiveness
stimuli,
endowing
with
distinctive
properties
like
cell
adhesion,
conductivity,
hemostatic
functions,
antioxidant
abilities,
color‐changing
properties.
The
purpose
this
article
is
elucidate
factors
that
trigger
stimuli
IPN
their
impacts
on
cellular
behavior,
various
applications
they
can
serve.
A
comprehensive
overview
provided
regarding
classification,
mechanisms,
performance
attributes,
related
subjects.
Ultimately,
review
emphasizes
promise
hold
fulfilling
increasing
need
for
innovative
improved
features
sector.
Polymers for Advanced Technologies,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
35(12)
Опубликована: Ноя. 25, 2024
ABSTRACT
The
exploration
of
cellulose,
a
natural
polysaccharide
derived
from
renewable
biomass,
has
seen
significant
advancements
in
recent
years
due
to
its
biocompatibility,
biodegradability,
and
versatility.
This
review
paper
comprehensively
covers
the
latest
developments
cellulose
derivatives
as
functional
biomaterials
for
various
biomedical
applications.
Emphasis
is
placed
on
intrinsic
properties
such
mechanical
strength,
thermal
stability,
chemical
modifiability,
which
enable
wide‐ranging
use
drug
delivery
systems,
wound
dressings,
tissue
engineering,
biosensors.
article
further
delves
into
modification
techniques—such
oxidation,
esterification,
etherification—that
enhance
cellulose's
performance,
allowing
it
be
fine‐tuned
specialized
medical
applications,
including
creation
scaffolds
regeneration
smart
materials
responsive
release.
Additionally,
hybridization
with
inorganic
offers
potential
developing
superior
antimicrobial
improved
characteristics.
also
addresses
challenges
processing,
particularly
concerning
optimizing
structure
specific
while
highlighting
future
opportunities
field
personalized
medicine
intelligent
healthcare
devices.
By
examining
both
current
innovations
trends,
this
highlights
growing
importance
sustainable
versatile
resource
industry.
Polymers for Advanced Technologies,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
35(12)
Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024
ABSTRACT
Recent
advancements
in
naturally
derived
bioadhesives
have
transformed
their
application
across
diverse
medical
fields,
including
tissue
engineering,
wound
management,
and
surgery.
This
review
focuses
on
the
innovative
development
multifunctional
nature
of
these
bioadhesives,
particularly
emphasizing
role
enhancing
adhesion
performance
wet
environments
optimizing
mechanical
properties
for
use
dynamic
tissues.
Key
areas
covered
include
chemical
physical
mechanisms
adhesion,
incorporation
multi‐adhesion
strategies
that
combine
covalent
non‐covalent
bonding,
bioinspired
designs
mimicking
natural
adhesives
such
as
those
barnacles
mussels.
Additionally,
discusses
emerging
applications
regeneration
musculoskeletal,
cardiac,
neural,
ocular
tissues,
highlighting
potential
bioadhesive‐based
therapies
complex
biological
settings.
Despite
substantial
progress,
challenges
scaling
lab‐based
innovations
clinical
overcoming
environmental
constraints
remain
critical.
Ongoing
research
bioadhesive
technologies
aims
to
bridge
gaps,
promising
significant
improvements
tailored
therapeutic
needs.
Polymers for Advanced Technologies,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
35(12)
Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024
ABSTRACT
This
review
provides
a
comprehensive
overview
of
the
emerging
applications
stimuli‐responsive
hydrogels
in
3D
printing,
emphasizing
their
transformative
potential
creating
adaptive
and
multifunctional
structures.
Stimuli‐responsive
hydrogels,
including
magneto‐,
thermo‐,
pH‐,
moisture‐,
solvent‐,
photo‐responsive
varieties,
have
gained
significant
attention
due
to
ability
undergo
dynamic
changes
response
specific
environmental
stimuli.
The
begins
by
exploring
fundamental
characteristics
fabrication
methods
used
additive
manufacturing,
highlighting
exceptional
adaptability
programmability.
It
then
delves
into
various
across
diverse
fields,
soft
robotics,
tissue
engineering,
drug
delivery
systems,
wearable
electronics,
food
technology,
electromagnetic
interference
shielding,
anti‐counterfeiting
technologies.
By
integrating
latest
advancements
printing
techniques,
this
aims
offer
insights
how
are
enabling
development
innovative,
intelligent,
environmentally
responsive
systems.
future
perspectives
section
discusses
challenges
opportunities
for
advancing
use
suggesting
directions
research
that
could
push
boundaries
functional
materials
programmable
Polymers for Advanced Technologies,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
35(12)
Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2024
ABSTRACT
MXene‐based
hydrogels
represent
a
significant
advancement
in
biomedical
material
science,
leveraging
the
unique
properties
of
2D
MXenes
and
versatile
functionality
hydrogels.
This
review
discusses
recent
developments
integration
into
hydrogel
matrices,
focusing
on
their
applications
such
as
wound
healing,
drug
delivery,
antimicrobial
activity,
tissue
engineering,
biosensing.
MXenes,
due
to
remarkable
electrical
conductivity,
mechanical
robustness,
tunable
surface
chemistry,
enhance
properties,
responsiveness
environmental
stimuli.
Specifically,
have
shown
great
promise
accelerating
healing
through
photothermal
effects,
delivering
drugs
controlled
manner,
serving
antibacterial
agents.
Their
also
enables
targeted
cancer
therapies,
including
chemodynamic
facilitated
by
high
conductivity
properties.
Despite
promising
progress,
challenges
ensuring
biocompatibility
optimizing
synthesis
for
large‐scale
production
remain.
aims
provide
comprehensive
overview
current
state
applications,
highlighting
ongoing
advancements
potential
future
directions
these
multifunctional
materials.
