Adaptogens in Long-Lasting Brain Fatigue: An Insight from Systems Biology and Network Pharmacology

Pharmaceuticals, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18(2), С. 261 - 261

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2025

Long-lasting brain fatigue is a consequence of stroke or traumatic injury associated with emotional, psychological, and physical overload, distress in hypertension, atherosclerosis, viral infection, aging-related chronic low-grade inflammatory disorders. The pathogenesis linked to disrupted neurotransmission, the glutamate-glutamine cycle imbalance, glucose metabolism, ATP energy supply, which are multiple molecular targets signaling pathways neuroendocrine-immune blood circulation systems. Regeneration damaged tissue long-lasting multistage process, including spontaneously regulating hypothalamus-pituitary (HPA) axis-controlled anabolic-catabolic homeostasis recover harmonized sympathoadrenal system (SAS)-mediated function, deregulated gene expression rehabilitation. driving mechanism spontaneous recovery regeneration cross-talk mediators neuronal, microglia, immunocompetent, endothelial cells collectively involved neurogenesis angiogenesis, plant adaptogens can target. Adaptogens small molecules origin that increase adaptability organisms stress by interaction HPA axis SAS (neuroendocrine-immune cardiovascular complex), targeting adaptive GPCR pathways. Two major groups comprise (i) phenolic phenethyl phenylpropanoid derivatives (ii) tetracyclic pentacyclic glycosides, whose chemical structure be distinguished as related correspondingly monoamine neurotransmitters (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine) steroid hormones (cortisol, testosterone, estradiol). In this narrative review, we discuss multitarget integrated pharmacological activity botanical ischemic stroke, fatigue; time-dependent dual response physiological regulatory systems support overload; (iii) dose-dependent reversal (hormetic) effect adaptogens. This review shows adaptogenic concept cannot reduced rectified various effects on selected specific modes action without estimating their interactions within networks complex that, turn, regulates other (cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, reproductive systems) due numerous intra- extracellular communications feedback regulations. These result polyvalent pleiotropic adaptogens, essential for characterizing distinct types botanicals. They trigger defense leads extension limits resilience inducing mental For first time, justifies potential particularly hybrid preparation (BHP) Arctic Root Ashwagandha, providing rationale use individuals experiencing fatigue. provided insight into future research network pharmacology preventing rehabilitating following trauma, infections.

Язык: Английский

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Gastrodin enhances stress resilience through promoting Wnt/β-Catenin-Dependent neurogenesis

Journal of Advanced Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Enhancing stress resilience constitutes a pivotal strategy in mitigating the risk of depression, making it critical component both prevention and treatment. In current work, we identified compound, gastrodin (GAS), as capable enhancing resilience, demonstrated by its ability to protect against depression following chronic exposure. To elucidate potential GAS promote neurogenesis under stress, along with associated cellular molecular processes involved. We evaluated effect on NSPC proliferation differentiation using vitro vivo investigations. Neurogenesis was inhibited temozolomide verify GAS's impact resilience. Comprehensive methodologies, including hippocampal transcriptome analysis western blotting, were utilized identify involvement Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Immunolocalization conducted confirm β-catenin's nuclear translocation SOX2+ cells within dentate gyrus subgranular zone. robust stimulation neuronal differentiation, adult conditions stress. Inhibition negated protective effects Integrated pointed signaling pathway NSPCs crucial mechanism facilitating GAS-promoted neurogenesis. Inhibiting Wnt expression or blocking abolished neurogenic stress-resilience effects. These results suggested that directly activates pathway, which promotes NSPCs, thereby promoting mitigate depression.

Язык: Английский

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Salidroside facilitates neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke by promoting axonal sprouting through promoting autophagy

Phytomedicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 135, С. 156208 - 156208

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Salidroside attenuates cognitive deficits induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion via modulating microglial phenotypic transformation in mice

Journal of Neuroimmunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 400, С. 578544 - 578544

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Salidroside: Diverse Synthetic Pathways and Recent Advances in Pharmacological Effects Across Multiple Systems

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 100176 - 100176

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Extraction and purification, pharmacological action, synthesis and product development of salidroside: a review

Medicinal Chemistry Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2024

Язык: Английский

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