COVID-19, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS, “long COVID”) and post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS, “post-COVIDvac-syndrome”): Similarities and differences

Pathology - Research and Practice, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 246, С. 154497 - 154497

Опубликована: Май 3, 2023

Worldwide there have been over 760 million confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, and 13 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses administered as of April 2023, according to the World Health Organization. An infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead an disease, i.e. COVID-19, but also a post-acute (PACS, "long COVID"). Currently, side effects vaccines are increasingly being noted studied. Here, we summarise currently available indications discuss our conclusions that (i) these specific similarities differences PACS, (ii) new term should be used refer (post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome, PCVS, colloquially "post-COVIDvac-syndrome"), (iii) is need distinguish between (ACVS) (PACVS) - in analogy PACS ("long Moreover, address mixed forms caused by natural SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We explain why it important for medical diagnosis, care research use terms (PCVS, ACVS PACVS) order avoid confusion misinterpretation underlying causes enable optimal therapy. do not recommend "Post-Vac-Syndrome" imprecise. The article serves current problem "medical gaslighting" relation PCVS raising awareness among professionals supplying appropriate terminology disease.

Язык: Английский

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Cardiovascular complications in the Post-Acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS)

IJC Heart & Vasculature, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 40, С. 101012 - 101012

Опубликована: Март 28, 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV 2) or disease 2019 (COVID-19) initially surfaced in December from Wuhan, China, sweeping the world with various strains, forcing WHO to declare a pandemic epidemic March 2020. Furthermore, COVID-19 manifests wide array of presentations fever and fatigue cardiovascular complications. Post-COVID-19 is poorly understood affecting survivors at all levels severity. most associated post-discharge dyspnea fatigue. However, other persistent symptoms as chest pains, palpitations, smell, taste dysfunctions. Patients high concentrations CRP creatinine phase Covid-19 are more prone cardiac sequelae. Therefore, cardiac-sensitive troponin hypokalaemia can also be used for risk stratification. Cardiac damage manifest myocarditis, pericarditis, rhythm abnormalities. use different diagnostic modalities like electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)(CMR) evaluate myocardial were studied. Cardiovascular complications common manifestation PASC, classification severity emergence CMR tool needs evidence.

Язык: Английский

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Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Principles of Management of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: A Review

Medical Science Monitor, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2023

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as stress-induced is a reversible syndrome commonly found among patients presenting for acute coronary syndromes, especially women. With the COVID-19 pandemic, incidence of takotsubo cardiomyopathy was dramatically increased. However, this clinical cardiac entity remains underdiagnosed, largely due to interplay with syndrome. The pathophysiology miscellaneous, including vasospasm, microcirculatory dysfunction, catecholamine surge, and sympathetic overdrive. Diagnosing requires high index suspicion multimodality tests. To date, there are no guidelines management cardiomyopathy. Thus, available data derived from case series, retrospective analyses, experts' opinions. Heart failure medicines were investigated in patients. Evidence supports benefits angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors angiotensin receptors blockers use on mortality recurrence rates, while results beta-blockers controversial. In complicated cases, inotropes preferred over vasopressors, except presence left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, which medical therapy limited fluids administration beta-blockers. Use oral vitamin K antagonist can benefit at thrombo-embolic risk up 3 months. Mechanical reserved refractory hemodynamically unstable cases. This review aims provide an update epidemiology, diagnosis, outcomes extended discussion non-complicated

Язык: Английский

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Cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 vaccines: A review of case-report and case-series studies

Heart & Lung, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 59, С. 173 - 180

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Herpesviruses reactivation following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis

European journal of medical research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2023

Abstract Background The reactivation of herpesviruses (HHV) in COVID-19 patients is evident the literature. Several reports have been published regarding these viruses (HSV, VZV, EBV, and CMV) among those who got vaccines. In this study, we aimed to review current evidence assess whether HHVs has any association with prior administration Methods A systematic search was conducted on 25 September 2022 PubMed/MEDLINE, Web Science, EMBASE. We included all observational studies, case reports, series which reported human following Results Our showed 80 articles that meet eligibility criteria. Among evaluated vaccines, most vaccines were mRNA based. Evidence from studies possible relation between vaccine VZV HSV reactivation. results our proportion meta-analysis rate received 14 persons per 1000 vaccinations (95% CI 2.97–32.80). Moreover, for 16 1.06–46.4). Furthermore, reports/series 149 cases HHV There several caused including BNT162b2 or Pfizer–BioNTech ( n = 76), Oxford-AstraZeneca 22), mRNA-1273 Moderna 17), Sinovac 4), BBIBP-CorV Sinopharm 3), Covaxin Covishield Johnson 1). Reactivated varicella-zoster virus (VZV) 114), cytomegalovirus (CMV) 15), herpes simplex (HSV) 14), Epstein-Barr (EBV) 6), HHV-6 2). Most their disease after first dose vaccine. Many having comorbidities, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, chicken pox, atrial fibrillation common. Conclusion conclusion, study vaccination herpesvirus supported by studies. However, other (EBV CMV), further research especially clinical trials required elucidate interaction

Язык: Английский

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Incidence and management of the main serious adverse events reported after COVID‐19 vaccination

Pharmacology Research & Perspectives, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(3)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2n first appeared in Wuhan, China 2019. Soon after, it was declared a pandemic World Health Organization. The health crisis imposed new virus and its rapid spread worldwide prompted fast development of vaccines. For time human history, two vaccines based on recombinant genetic material technology were approved for use. These mRNA applied massive immunization programs around world, followed other more traditional approaches. Even though all tested clinical trials prior to their general administration, serious adverse events, usually very low incidence, mostly identified after application millions doses. Establishing direct correlation (the cause-effect paradigm) between vaccination appearance effects has proven challenging. This review focuses main observed vaccination, including anaphylaxis, myocarditis, vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia, Guillain-Barré syndrome, transverse myelitis reported context COVID-19 vaccination. We highlight symptoms, laboratory tests required an adequate diagnosis, briefly outline recommended treatments these effects. aim this work is increase awareness among healthcare personnel about events that may arise post-vaccination. Regardless ongoing discussion safety must be promptly treated effectively reduce risk complications.

Язык: Английский

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Lipid Nanoparticles Elicit Reactogenicity and Sickness Behavior in Mice Via Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Myeloid Differentiation Protein 88 Axis

ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(36), С. 24842 - 24859

Опубликована: Авг. 26, 2024

mRNA therapeutics encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) offer promising avenues for treating various diseases. While vaccines anticipate immunogenicity, the associated reactogenicity of mRNA-loaded LNPs poses significant challenges, especially protein replacement therapies requiring multiple administrations, leading to adverse effects and suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. Historically, research has primarily focused on cargo, leaving role understudied this context. Adjuvanticity pro-inflammatory characteristics LNPs, originating at least part from ionizable lipids, may induce inflammation, activate toll-like receptors (TLRs), impact translation. Knowledge gaps remain understanding LNP-induced TLR activation its induction animal sickness behavior. We hypothesized that lipids structurally resembling A lipopolysaccharide, could TLR4 signaling via MyD88 TRIF adaptors, thereby propagating LNP-associated reactogenicity. Our comprehensive investigation utilizing gene ablation studies pharmacological receptor manipulation proves by triggers distinct physiologically meaningful responses mice. show are essential reactogenic signal initiation, expression, physiological outcomes like food intake body weight─robust metrics behavior The application inhibitor TAK-242 effectively reduces with mitigating TLR4-driven inflammatory responses. findings elucidate critical TLR4-MyD88 axis reactogenicity, providing a mechanistic framework developing safer offering strategy mitigate through targeted inhibition pathway.

Язык: Английский

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Cardiac Markers in Pediatric Laboratory Medicine: Critical Review

Diagnostics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(2), С. 165 - 165

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025

Currently, there are no validated guidelines or recommendations for how to interpret cardiac biomarkers in the pediatric population. The most commonly used troponins and natriuretic peptides, but clinical value of common laboratory medicine is restricted due age- sex-specific interpretations, standardized cut-off values. results from studies on reference values, as well studies, difficult compare with identical heterogeneity subject characteristics (gestational chronological age, sex, pubertal status, menstrual cycle, exercise), assay (type assay, generation analytical platform used), experimental protocol (prospective retrospective population selection, patient inclusion exclusion criteria, number subjects). Future need establish evidence-based cut-offs specific indications optimize utilization standardize interpretation neonates, children, adolescents. aim this article was summarize current limitations peptides population, informed by existing published literature.

Язык: Английский

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Myocardial Infarction Following COVID-19 Vaccine Administration: Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc?

Viruses, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(8), С. 1644 - 1644

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2022

Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the safest and most effective strategy for controlling pandemic. However, some cases of acute cardiac events following vaccine administration have been reported, including myocarditis myocardial infarction (MI). While post-vaccine has widely discussed, information about MI scarce heterogenous, often lacking in histopathological pathophysiological details. We hereby present five (four men, mean age 64 years, range 50–76) sudden death secondary to tightly temporally related COVID-19 vaccination. In each case, comprehensive macro- microscopic pathological analyses were performed, post-mortem magnetic resonance, ascertain cause death. To investigate determinants MI, toxicological tryptase yielding negative results, while absence anti-platelet factor 4 antibodies ruled out vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Finally, genetic testing disclosed that all subjects carriers at least one pro-thrombotic mutation. Although presented do not allow us establish any causative relation, they should foster further research possible link between vaccination, genotypes, cardiovascular events.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 Vaccines and Myocarditis: An Overview of Current Evidence

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(5), С. 1469 - 1469

Опубликована: Май 17, 2023

COVID-19 vaccines have been widely used to reduce the incidence and disease severity of COVID-19. Questions lately raised about possibility an association between myocarditis, inflammatory condition affecting myocardium, or middle layer heart. Myocarditis can be caused by infections, immune reactions, toxic exposure. The rate myocarditis pericarditis was calculated 5.98 instances per million vaccine doses delivered, which is less than half incidences after SARS-CoV-2 infection. rates in people aged 12 39 years are around 12.6 cases following second dose mRNA vaccination. Adolescent men more likely women develop receiving vaccines. objectives this systematic review meta-analysis find out how often occurs vaccine, as well risk factors clinical repercussions condition. Nevertheless, causal relationship vaccination has difficult establish, further research required. It also essential distinguish suggested those confirmed endomyocardial biopsy.

Язык: Английский

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