Recycling of Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Cathodes: Challenges and Progress
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2024
The
number
of
spent
lithium
iron
phosphate
(LiFePO
Язык: Английский
Direct and Low‐Temperature Regeneration of Degraded LiFePO₄ Cathodes at Ambient Conditions Using Green and Sustainable Deep Eutectic Solvent
Advanced Science,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 20, 2025
Abstract
The
definite
lifespan
of
lithium
iron
phosphate
(LiFePO
4
,
LFP)
batteries
necessitates
the
advancement
cost‐effective,
nature‐friendly,
and
productive
recycling
techniques
for
spent
LFP
batteries.
In
this
study,
ethylene
glycol
(C
2
H
6
O
),
a
sustainable
economical
small
organic
molecule,
is
employed
as
multifunctional
hydrogen‐bonding
donor,
along
with
chloride
(LiCl),
readily
accessible
Li
source
acceptor.
Together,
they
form
novel
Li‐salt
deep
eutectic
solvent
(DES)
through
hydrogen
bonding
interactions.
This
DES
directly
repairs
rejuvenates
cathode
material
(S‐LFP)
at
80
°C.
not
only
replenishes
depleted
in
S‐LFP
reduces
adverse
effects
Li–Fe
antisite
defects
but
also
establishes
reducing
environment
that
facilitates
reversion
degraded
Fe(III)
species
back
to
their
original
Fe(II)
state.
Consequently,
regenerated
exhibits
remarkable
electrochemical
behavior,
delivering
an
initial
capacity
155.6
mAh
g
−1
0.1
C
retaining
93%
its
after
300
cycles
1
C.
approach
can
be
scaled
up
treat
large
quantities
recovered
from
fully
retired
batteries,
presenting
practical
pathway
toward
large‐scale
future.
Язык: Английский
Direct Recycling of Retired Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Emerging Methods for Sustainable Reuse
Advanced Energy Materials,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2025
Abstract
Among
various
recycling
lithium‐ion
batteries
(LIBs)
methods,
direct
consumes
far
less
energy
and
fewer
chemical
agents.
Most
regeneration
approaches
become
the
specialized
process
of
repairing
individual
materials
due
to
different
degraded
levels
spent
materials.
This
review
summarized
solid‐state
sintering,
hydrothermal,
eutectic
salt,
electrochemical,
other
emerging
methods
used
for
directly
retired
power
batteries,
with
a
particular
focus
on
their
universality
when
electrodes.
Recent
progress
(LiFePO
4
,
LiCoO
2
LiNi
x
Co
y
Mn
z
O
)
are
outlined,
pretreatment
removal
impurities
also
summarized,
emphasizing
importance
improving
technical
stability
LIBs.
A
series
challenges
corresponding
potential
solutions
proposed
guiding
development
toward
practical
application.
Developing
technology
that
can
adaptively
replenish
lithium
(Li)
resources
in
cathode
might
be
an
important
target
future.
With
recycling,
economic,
universal,
advanced
strategies
will
applied
by
fully
understanding
mechanism
foreseeable
Язык: Английский
Interfacial Metal‐Solvent Chelation for Direct Regeneration of LiFePO4 Cathode Black Mass
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2024
Abstract
Direct
regeneration
of
spent
lithium‐ion
batteries
presents
a
promising
approach
to
effectively
reuse
valuable
resources
and
benefit
the
environment.
Unlike
controlled
laboratory
conditions
that
commonly
facilitate
impurity
purification
minimize
structural
damage,
LiFePO
4
cathode
black
mass
faces
significant
interfacial
challenges,
including
structure
deterioration,
cathode‐electrolyte
interphase
residues,
damage
from
storage
procedures,
which
hinder
lithium
replenishment
regeneration.
Here,
metal‐solvent
chelation
reaction
using
acetylacetonate
solution
is
introduced
address
these
challenges
under
ambient
conditions.
This
method
regulates
near‐surface
through
strong
between
Acac
‒
anions
Fe
(III)
elements,
thus
eliminating
degraded
amorphous
phase
residual
fluorine
compounds.
By
direct
connection
reducing
diffusion
barriers,
reconstructed
surface
facilitates
re‐lithiation
process.
The
regenerated
cathodes
demonstrate
capacity
retention
88.5%
after
400
cycles
at
1
C,
while
also
outperforming
traditional
recycling
methods
in
terms
environmental
economic
benefits.
provides
for
regenerating
actual
dismantled
mass,
thereby
accelerating
practical
application
battery
recycling.
Язык: Английский
A Comprehensive Evaluation Framework for Lithium Iron Phosphate Cathode Relithiation Techniques: Balancing Production Costs, Electrochemical Performance, and Environmental Impact
Energy & environment materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2024
Lithium
iron
phosphate
(LFP)
has
found
many
applications
in
the
field
of
electric
vehicles
and
energy
storage
systems.
However,
increasing
volume
end‐of‐life
LFP
batteries
poses
an
urgent
challenge
terms
environmental
sustainability
resource
management.
Therefore,
development
implementation
efficient
battery
recycling
methods
are
crucial
to
address
these
challenges.
This
article
presents
a
novel,
comprehensive
evaluation
framework
for
comparing
different
lithium
relithiation
techniques.
The
includes
three
main
sets
criteria:
direct
production
cost,
electrochemical
performance,
impact.
Each
criterion
is
scored
on
scale
0–100,
with
higher
scores
indicating
better
performance.
cost
rated
based
material
costs,
consumption,
key
equipment
process
duration
space
requirements.
Electrochemical
performance
assessed
by
rate
capability
cycle
stability.
Environmental
impact
CO
2
emissions.
provides
standardized
technique
researchers
industry
professionals
objectively
compare
methods,
facilitating
identification
most
promising
approaches
further
scale‐up.
total
average
score
across
groups
electrochemical,
chemical,
hydrothermal
was
approximately
60
points,
while
sintering
39
making
it
least
attractive
technique.
Combining
outlined
publications
exceeding
60,
scheme
proposed
achieve
optimal
minimal
consumption
results
demonstrate
framework's
applicability
highlight
areas
future
research
optimization
cathode
recycling.
Язык: Английский