Abstract
Plastics
are
one
of
the
greatest
inventions
20
th
century
that
bring
convenience
to
mankind.
Owing
commercialization
plastics,
plastic
pollution
has
become
a
petrifying
environmental
issue
as
demand
for
products
overwhelms
recycling
rates.
However,
conventional
methods
(i.e.,
pyrolysis
and
gasification)
require
high
pressure
temperature
treat
waste
plastic,
resulting
in
ineluctably
energy‐waste
secondary
pollution.
On
contrary,
selective
catalylic
technologies
provide
green
approach
degrade
plastics
whilst
also
reforming
them
into
value‐added
chemicals
fuels.
In
this
review,
innovative
approaches,
including
photocatalysis,
electrocatalysis,
photoelectrocatalysis,
have
been
comprehensively
reviewed
from
perspective
sustainable
use
resources.
Distinctive
emphasis
is
placed
on
highlighting
merits
each
technology
enlightening
state‐of‐the‐art
modification
strategies
strengthen
pillars
catalytic
activities.
The
transformation
with
above
techniques
elaborated
terms
reaction
conditions
various
substrates.
With
feasibility
breakdown
displayed
study,
insights
challenges
prospects
upcycling
underscored
well
facilitate
society
moving
toward
circular
economy.
Abstract
The
higher
amount
of
Pt
usage
and
its
poisoning
in
methanol
oxidation
reaction
acidic
media
is
a
major
setback
for
fuel
cells.
Herein,
promising
dual
application
high‐performance
electrocatalyst
has
been
developed
hydrogen
evolution
oxidation.
A
low
Pt‐content
nanoalloy
co‐doped
with
Cu,
Mn,
P
synthesized
using
modified
solvothermal
process.
Initially,
ultrasmall
≈2.9
nm
PtCuMnP
prepared
on
N‐doped
graphene‐oxide
support
subsequently,
it
characterized
several
analytical
techniques
examined
through
electrochemical
tests.
Electrochemical
results
show
that
PtCuMnP/N‐rGO
overpotential
6.5
mV
at
10
mA
cm
−2
0.3
m
H
2
SO
4
high
mass
activity
the
reaction.
For
reaction,
exhibits
robust
performance.
6.790
mg
−1
,
which
7.43
times
than
commercial
Pt/C
(20%
Pt).
Moreover,
chronoamperometry
test,
shows
exceptionally
good
stability
retains
72%
initial
current
density
even
after
20,000
cycles.
Furthermore,
outstanding
performance
along
excellent
anti‐poisoning
ability.
Hence,
bifunctional
can
be
used
efficiently
Chemical Society Reviews,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
This
review
provides
a
comprehensive
analysis
of
hydrogen
production
through
plastic
waste
upcycling,
covering
both
established
and
emerging
technologies,
addressing
their
feasibility
commercialization
challenges.
Catalysts,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(5), С. 453 - 453
Опубликована: Май 7, 2025
The
global
plastic
crisis,
with
over
400
million
metric
tons
produced
annually
and
minimal
recycling,
demands
urgent
solutions.
Photocatalytic
photoreforming
offers
a
dual
benefit:
converting
non-recyclable
plastics
into
hydrogen
fuel
valuable
chemicals
using
solar
energy
under
mild
conditions.
This
critical
review
highlights
recent
advances
in
photocatalyst
design,
including
semiconductors,
MOF-derived
materials,
co-catalyst
systems,
explores
key
insights
degradation
mechanisms
reactor
configurations.
Operational
factors
such
as
pH,
light
intensity,
flow
dynamics
are
discussed
for
their
impact
on
yield
product
selectivity.
Life
cycle
techno-economic
assessments
reveal
current
challenges
efficiency,
scalability,
cost
to
illuminate
the
feasibility
of
implementing
technology
at
industrial
scale.
study
suggests
that
innovations
catalyst
engineering,
management,
system
integration
provide
viable
paths
forward.
With
its
potential
upcycle
waste
contribute
low-carbon
economies,
represents
promising
approach
advancing
circular
economy
goals,
especially
when
coupled
policy
support
smart
separation
strategies.
Abstract
With
the
escalating
demand
and
utilization
of
plastics,
considerable
attention
has
been
given
to
controlling
plastic
pollution.
Among
these
methodologies,
photocatalytic
upcycling
emerged
as
a
promising
method
for
management
due
its
energy‐saving
eco‐friendly
properties.
In
past
several
years,
great
efforts
have
devoted
conversion
variety
commercial
types.
These
encouraging
endeavors
foreshadow
continued
progression
application
in
this
field.
review,
recent
advancements
plastics
are
reviewed.
The
fundamentals
principles
deconstruction
first
introduced.
Then,
we
summarize
works
on
reforming
different
types
plastic,
including
polyolefins,
polyesters,
other
Finally,
some
challenges
possible
solutions
provided
development
plastics.
Abstract
Photocatalytic
reforming
(PR)
of
polyester
waste,
fueled
by
renewable
sources
like
solar
energy,
offers
a
sustainable
method
for
producing
clean
H
2
and
valuable
by‐products
under
mild
conditions.
The
design
high‐performance
photocatalyst
plays
pivotal
role
in
determining
the
efficacy
an
alkaline
PR
system,
influencing
generation
activity
selectivity.
Here,
ultrathin
porous
carbon
nitride
nanosheets
(UP‐CN)
loaded
with
Pt
nanoclusters
(Pt
NCs,
average
diameter
1.7
nm)
uniform
NCs
distribution
are
introduced.
resulting
NCs/UP‐CN
catalyst
can
accelerate
charge
mass
transfer
while
providing
additional
active
sites,
achieving
superior
rates
11.69
mmol
g
cat
−1
h
2923
AM
1.5
light,
which
nine
times
higher
than
that
nanoparticles‐bulk
graphitic
composite
(1.29
258
)
as
counterpart.
This
performance
also
surpasses
previously
reported
nitride‐based
TiO
‐based
photocatalysts.
Moreover,
density
functional
theory
calculations
reveal
significant
reduction
energy
barrier
water
dissociation
step
(H
O
+
*
→
*H
OH)
at
interface
between
UP‐CN
anchored
showcasing
synergistic
effect
UP‐CN.
catalytic
system
exhibits
universality
across
various
plastics.
