Convergent evolution of plant prickles by repeated gene co-option over deep time

Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 385(6708)

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024

An enduring question in evolutionary biology concerns the degree to which episodes of convergent trait evolution depend on same genetic programs, particularly over long timescales. In this work, we genetically dissected repeated origins and losses prickles-sharp epidermal projections-that convergently evolved numerous plant lineages. Mutations a cytokinin hormone biosynthetic gene caused at least 16 independent prickles eggplants wild relatives genus

Язык: Английский

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HD-Zip proteins modify floral structures for self-pollination in tomato

Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 384(6691), С. 124 - 130

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2024

Cleistogamy is a type of self-pollination that relies on the formation stigma-enclosing floral structure. We identify three homeodomain-leucine zipper IV (HD-Zip IV) genes coordinately promote interlocking trichomes at anther margin to unite neighboring anthers, generating closed cone and cleistogamy (flower morphology necessitating strict self-pollination). These HD-Zip also control style length by regulating transition from cell division endoreduplication. The expression these their downstream gene,

Язык: Английский

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A highly resolved nuclear phylogeny uncovers strong phylogenetic conservatism and correlated evolution of fruit color and size in Solanum L.

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 243(2), С. 765 - 780

Опубликована: Май 27, 2024

Summary Mutualisms between plants and fruit‐eating animals were key to the radiation of angiosperms. Still, phylogenetic uncertainties limit our understanding fleshy‐fruit evolution, as in case Solanum , a genus with remarkable diversity, but unresolved relationships. We used 1786 nuclear genes from 247 species, including 122 newly generated transcriptomes/genomes, reconstruct phylogeny examine tempo mode evolution fruit color size. Our analysis resolved backbone providing high support for its clades. results pushed back origin 53.1 million years ago (Ma), most major clades diverging 35 27 Ma. Evolution size revealed levels trait conservatism, where medium‐sized berries that remain green when ripe are likely ancestral form. analyses evolutionary correlated, dull‐colored fruits two times larger than black/purple red fruits. conclude strong conservatism shown could influences on evolution. findings highlight importance constraints diversification functional traits.

Язык: Английский

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Twenty years of big plant genera

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 291(2023)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

In 2004, David Frodin published a landmark review of the history and concepts big plant genera. Two decades taxonomic activity have taken place since, coinciding with revolution in phylogenetics bioinformatics. Here we use data from World Flora Online (WFO) to provide an updated list (more than 500 species) megadiverse 1000 flowering genera highlight changes since 2004. The number has increased 57 86; today one every four species is classified as member genus, 14% just 28 Most (71%) growth 2000 result new description, not generic re-circumscription. More 15% all currently accepted described last two are genera, suggesting that groups previously considered intractable now being actively studied taxonomically. Despite this rapid they remain significant yet understudied proportion diversity. They represent global diversity should priority only for taxonomy but understanding patterns evolution general.

Язык: Английский

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Solanum pan-genetics reveals paralogues as contingencies in crop engineering

Nature, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 5, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Convergent evolution of plant prickles is driven by repeated gene co-option over deep time

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024

Abstract An enduring question in evolutionary biology concerns the degree to which episodes of convergent trait evolution depend on same genetic programs, particularly over long timescales. Here we genetically dissected repeated origins and losses prickles, sharp epidermal projections, that convergently evolved numerous plant lineages. Mutations a cytokinin hormone biosynthetic gene caused at least 16 independent prickles eggplants wild relatives genus Solanum . Strikingly, homologs promote prickle formation across angiosperms collectively diverged 150 million years ago. By developing new systems, leveraged this discovery eliminate species an indigenously foraged berry. Our findings implicate shared hormone-activation program underlying evolutionarily widespread recurrent instances morphological innovation.

Язык: Английский

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A revision of the endemic Brazilian Solanum hexandrum group (Leptostemonum, Solanum, Solanaceae)

PhytoKeys, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 253, С. 199 - 259

Опубликована: Март 12, 2025

The Leptostemonum Clade, or the 'spiny solanums', represents half of species diversity large cosmopolitan genus Solanum (Solanaceae). Brazil is a centre both and lineage in solanums' with number lineages occurring mostly only there. Here, we treat Solanumhexandrum group, monophyletic group that part larger unresolved Erythrotrichum clade sensu lato. six treated here are all robust very prickly shrubs amongst largest showiest flowers accrescent calyces fruit often completely cover mature berry. All endemic to coastal Atlantic forests south-eastern north-eastern Brazil. We describe one new species, S.phrixothrix Gouvêa & S.Knapp, sp. nov., known from two collections made 200 years apart. Many occur small populations around isolated gneissic/granitic inselbergs, highly threatened habitat region. provide complete nomenclatural details for recognised their synonyms, descriptions, distributions including maps, illustrations, common names uses preliminary conservation assessments.

Язык: Английский

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Harvesting pollen with vibrations: towards an integrative understanding of the proximate and ultimate reasons for buzz pollination

Annals of Botany, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 133(3), С. 379 - 398

Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2023

Abstract Buzz pollination, a type of interaction in which bees use vibrations to extract pollen from certain kinds flowers, captures close relationship between thousands bee and plant species. In the last 120 years, studies buzz pollination have contributed our understanding natural history basic properties produced by applied flowers model systems. Yet, much remains be done establish its adaptive significance ecological evolutionary dynamics across diverse Here, we review for plants proximate (mechanism ontogeny) ultimate (adaptive evolution) explanations focusing especially on integrating these levels synthesize identify prominent gaps knowledge. Throughout, highlight new technical modelling approaches importance considering morphology, biomechanics behaviour shaping pollination. We end discussing context how multilevel perspective can contribute explain reasons this ancient bee–plant interaction.

Язык: Английский

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Cryptic variation fuels plant phenotypic change through hierarchical epistasis

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2025

Cryptic genetic variants exert minimal or no phenotypic effects alone but have long been hypothesized to form a vast, hidden reservoir of diversity that drives trait evolvability through epistatic interactions. This classical theory has reinvigorated by pan-genome sequencing, which revealed pervasive variation within gene families and regulatory networks, including extensive cis-regulatory changes, duplication, divergence between paralogs. Nevertheless, empirical testing cryptic variation's capacity fuel diversification hindered intractable genetics, limited allelic diversity, inadequate resolution. Here, guided natural engineered in recently evolved paralogous pair, we identified an additional pair redundant trans regulators, establishing network controls tomato inflorescence architecture. By combining coding mutations with series populations segregating for all four genes, systematically constructed collection 216 genotypes spanning the full spectrum complexity quantified branching over 27,000 inflorescences. Analysis resulting high-resolution genotype-phenotype map layer dose-dependent interactions paralog pairs enhances branching, culminating strong, synergistic effects. However, also uncovered unexpected antagonism pairs, where accumulating one progressively diminished other. Our results demonstrate how architecture complex dosage from converge shape space under hierarchical model Given prevalence evolution genomes, propose networks elicits hierarchies interactions, catalyzing bursts change. Keyword: mutations, paralogs, redundancy, cis-regulatory, tomato, inflorescence, network, modeling, epistasis.

Язык: Английский

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Pollen and morphometric analysis reveal Solanum tavinuuyuku (Solanaceae), a new dioecious species from Mesoamerican Solanum sect. Anarrhichomenum

PhytoKeys, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 255, С. 1 - 22

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2025

Solanumtavinuuyuku, of the Sierra Madre del Sur ecoregion South-Central Mexico, is a viny, node-rooting species Potato clade, in subclade Solanumsect.Anarrhichomenum. Solanumtavinuuyuku distinguished from its relatives by possessing long and narrow, lanceolate, ovate to falcate, 1-3-foliate leaves with (5-)7-10 secondary veins; large, persistent pseudo-stipules found at nearly every node on herbarium material; white, violet-tinged corollas particularly pronounced floral bud. functionally dioecious, producing functional, tricolporate pollen non-functional, inaperturate short long-styled flowers, respectively, joining close relative S.appendiculatum as one only two documented dioecious entire clade. Separation S.tavinuuyuku closest ally, simple-leaved S.ionidium, based morphometric geographic evidence presented here.

Язык: Английский

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