Aquatic Toxicology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 282, С. 107309 - 107309

Опубликована: Март 3, 2025

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are among the most studied environmental pollutants in field of (eco)toxicology, and different fish species commonly used as model organisms, especially for studying reprotoxic effects. Despite scientific regulatory importance EDCs, little attention has been given to their immunotoxic effects fish. Basic knowledge test systems immune-related outcomes limited. For example, while impact estrogenic EDCs on immune system raised some last decade, thyroid hormone (THSDCs) less well studied. Thus, this literature review is aimed at describing immunomodulatory roles hormones (THs), summarizing existing research immunotoxicity THSDCs A simplified potential adverse outcome pathway (AOP) was created, explaining key events between THSD lowered survival experiencing pathogen infections along with chemical exposure. This AOP demonstrates that can alter functioning a molecular, cellular, organism level and, therefore, lead reduced by lowering resistance However, available data were mainly limited molecular analyses biomarkers included only few studies conducted experiments demonstrating inform about population-relevant outcomes. Our putatively developed support incorporation endpoints EDC testing guidelines aid development risk assessments human health.

Язык: Английский