Droughts in East Africa: Causes, impacts and resilience

Earth-Science Reviews, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 193, С. 146 - 161

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Flood Risk in Urban Areas: Modelling, Management and Adaptation to Climate Change. A Review

Hydrology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(3), С. 50 - 50

Опубликована: Март 18, 2022

The modelling and management of flood risk in urban areas are increasingly recognized as global challenges. complexity these issues is a consequence the existence several distinct sources risk, including not only fluvial, tidal coastal flooding, but also exposure to runoff local drainage failure, various strategies that can be proposed. high degree vulnerability characterizes such expected increase future due effects climate change, growth population living cities, densification. An increasing awareness socio-economic losses environmental impact flooding clearly reflected recent expansion number studies related sometimes within framework adaptation change. goal current paper provide general review advances flood-risk management, while exploring perspectives fields research.

Язык: Английский

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The benefits and negative impacts of citizen science applications to water as experienced by participants and communities

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2020

Abstract Citizen science is proliferating in the water sciences with increasing public involvement monitoring resources, climate variables, quality, and mapping modeling exercises. In addition to well‐reported scientific benefits of such projects, particular solving data scarcity issues, it common extol for participants, example, increased knowledge empowerment. We reviewed 549 publications concerning citizen applications examine personal motivations, wider community benefits. The potential were often simply listed without explanation or investigation. Studies that investigated whether not participants communities actually benefitted from involvement, experienced negative impacts, uncommon, especially Global South. Assuming certain will be can fallacious as some cases intended either achieved fact had impacts. Identified are described we reveal more consideration should given how these interrelate they build capitals foster their realization projects. Additionally, describe identified impacts showing seldom considered though may uncommon borne mind when implementing science. Given time effort commitment made by scientists benefit research, there a need further study involved water, particularly low‐income regions, ensure both researchers benefitting. This article categorized under: Human Water >

Язык: Английский

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Citizen science in hydrological monitoring and ecosystem services management: State of the art and future prospects

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 693, С. 133531 - 133531

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2019

Hydrological monitoring is essential to guide evidence-based decision making necessary for sustainable water resource management and governance. Limited hydrometric datasets the pressure on long-term hydrological networks make it paramount explore alternative methods data collection. This particularly case low-income countries, where scarcity more pronounced, conventional are expensive logistically challenging. Citizen science in research has recently gained popularity crowdsourced a promising cost-effective approach also potential enhance knowledge co-creation science-based evidence that underpins governance of resources. paper provides comprehensive review citizen collection within context hydrology, based synthesis 71 articles from 2001 2018. Application hydrology increasing number breadth, generating plethora scientific data. approaches differ scale, scope degree involvement. Most programs found North America Europe. Participation mostly comprises contributory model, which engages citizens In order leverage full co-generation, future projects could benefit co-created types establish strong ties between public engagement, thereby enhancing sustainability networks.

Язык: Английский

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Early Warning Systems and Their Role in Disaster Risk Reduction

Springer eBooks, Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown, С. 11 - 46

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Citizen science and the right to research: building local knowledge of climate change impacts

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2022

Abstract The article presents results of a research project aiming to develop theoretical and empirical contributions on participatory approaches methods citizen science for risk mapping adaptation climate change. In the first part, paper review literature key concepts perspectives related science, introducing concept “right research”. It highlights mutual fertilization with deal disaster situations associated second describes conclusions an action-research developed coastline between states São Paulo Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 2017–2018. involved affected communities as protagonists managing risks natural disasters caused by extreme events, combining Participatory Geographic Information Systems (PGIS) social cartography. concludes pointing out limits research” relevant Social Science approach reframe from democratic view.

Язык: Английский

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Characterization of wood‐laden flows in rivers

Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 44(9), С. 1694 - 1709

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2019

Abstract Inorganic sediment is not the only solid‐fraction component of river flows; flows may also carry significant amounts large organic material (i.e. wood), but characteristics these wood‐laden (WLFs) are well understood yet. With aim to shed light on relatively unexamined phenomena, we collected home videos showing natural with wood as main solid component. Analyses watersheds and streams where were recorded allowed us define for first time WLFs, describe broaden definition transport regimes (adding a new regime called here hypercongested transport). According our results, WLFs occur repeatedly, in range catchment sizes, generally steep, highly confined single thread channels mountain areas. typically unsteady log motion non‐uniform, described other inorganic sediment‐laden (e.g. debris flows). The conceptual integration into understanding flow phenomena illustrated by novel classification defining transition from clear water hypercongested, flows, according composition mixture (sediment, wood, water). We relevant metrics quantification modelling including an exhaustive discussion different approaches Voellmy, Bingham Manning) provide attempt simulate WLFs. draw attention WLF encourage further field, theoretical, experimental investigations that contribute better basins, leading more accurate predictions, hazard mitigation management strategies. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Язык: Английский

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Low-Cost Environmental Sensor Networks: Recent Advances and Future Directions

Frontiers in Earth Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 7

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2019

The use of low-cost sensor networks (LCSNs) is becoming increasingly popular in the environmental sciences and unprecedented monitoring data generated enable research across a wide spectrum disciplines applications. However, particular, non-technical challenges still hinder broader development application LCSNs. This paper reviews LCSNs over last 15 years, highlighting trends future opportunities for diverse range We found air quality, meteorological water-related were particularly well represented with few studies focusing on ecological systems. Furthermore, we identified bias towards that have direct links to human health, safety livelihoods. These more likely involve downstream analytics, visualisations, multi-stakeholder participation through citizen science initiatives. there was paucity considered sustainability factors implementation Existing are largely focussed detecting mitigating events which impact humans such as flooding, pollution or geo-hazards, while these applications important need ecosystem structure function. Our findings highlight three distinct unleash full potential LCSNs: (1) improvement between collection activities; (2) broaden scope systems fields; (3) better integrate stakeholder engagement sustainable operation longer greater societal impacts.

Язык: Английский

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Using citizen science to expand the global map of landslides: Introducing the Cooperative Open Online Landslide Repository (COOLR)

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 14(7), С. e0218657 - e0218657

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2019

Robust inventories are vital for improving assessment of and response to deadly costly landslide hazards. However, collecting events in is difficult at the global scale due inconsistencies or absence reporting. Citizen science a valuable opportunity addressing some these challenges. The new Cooperative Open Online Landslide Repository (COOLR) supplements data NASA-developed Global Catalog (GLC) with citizen reports build more robust, publicly available inventory. This manuscript introduces COOLR project its methods, evaluates initial results from first 13 months, discusses future improvements increase engagement project. (https://landslides.nasa.gov) contains Reporter, landslides, Viewer, portal visualize other satellite model products. From March 2018 April 2019, 49 scientists contributed 162 COOLR. These spanned 37 countries five continents. demonstrated that both expert novice participants contributing via Reporter. filling gaps through news sources 11 different languages, in-person observations, occurring hundreds thousands kilometers away any existing GLC data. sufficient accuracy use NASA susceptibility hazard models. continues expand as an open platform scientists, groups. Future work on will seek participation functionality well move towards collective post-disaster mapping.

Язык: Английский

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The Value of Urban Flood Modeling

Earth s Future, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2020

Abstract Floods are important disturbances to urban socio‐eco‐technical systems and their meteorological drivers projected increase through the century due global climate change. Urban flood models numerical that have capability of representing features ecosystems mechanisms flooding impact them. They potential play a critical role in risk assessment, operational response, resilience planning, but existing remain limited represent integrated processes areas provide credible quantitative information needed support assessment practice. Research advance model development, facilitate intensive watershed monitoring for parameterization validation, collaboration between researchers practitioners should be prioritized. This will substantial, expensive effort, still great value as cities faced with urgent challenges posed by change coming decades.

Язык: Английский

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