Our
eyes
do
not
only
respond
to
visual
perception
but
also
internal
cognition
involving
imagery,
which
can
be
referred
as
coupling.
This
review
synthesizes
evidence
on
coupling
across
diverse
domains
including
episodic
memory
and
simulation,
visuospatial
memory,
numerical
cognition,
object
movement,
body
brightness
imagery.
In
each
domain,
eye
movements
consistently
reflect
distinct
aspects
of
mental
imagery
typically
akin
those
seen
in
corresponding
experiences.
Several
findings
further
suggest
that
may
coincide
with
supports
evidenced
by
improved
cognitive
performance.
Available
theoretical
accounts
serve
at
least
two
functional
roles
imagery:
facilitating
reconstruction
indicating
shifts
attention.
Moreover,
recent
insights
into
the
neurobiology
highlight
substantially
shared
neural
pathways
externally
internally
directed
cognition.
The
concludes
identifying
open
questions
promising
avenues
for
future
research
such
exploring
moderating
context
individual
differences
What
determines
where
to
move
the
eyes?
We
recently
showed
that
pupil
size,
a
well-established
marker
of
effort,
also
reflects
effort
associated
with
making
saccade
(’saccade
costs’).
Here
we
demonstrate
costs
critically
drive
selection:
when
choosing
between
any
two
directions,
least
costly
direction
was
consistently
preferred.
Strikingly,
this
principle
even
held
during
search
in
natural
scenes
additional
experiments.
When
increasing
cognitive
demand
experimentally
through
an
auditory
counting
task,
participants
made
fewer
saccades
and
especially
cut
directions.
This
suggests
eye-movement
system
other
operations
consume
similar
resources
are
flexibly
allocated
among
each
as
changes.
Together,
argue
behavior
is
tuned
adaptively
minimize
saccade-inherent
effort.
ABSTRACT
Vision
is
introspectively
stable,
yet
every
eye
movement
moves
the
image
of
world
on
retina.
The
dominant
view
states
that
attention
must
precede
saccades
to
prepare
brain
for
postsaccadic
retinal
input,
which
ensures
a
stable
visual
experience.
A
recent
surge
studies
investigated
asymmetries
around
field,
including
in
presaccadic
attention.
Such
demonstrated
benefits
task
performance
horizontal
and
downward
saccades,
but
strikingly
no
such
benefit
was
observed
upward
saccades.
An
absence
shifts
would
contrast
indicate
may
not
be
necessary
ensure
perceptual
continuity.
Here,
we
capitalized
fact
pupil
light
response
robustly
tracks
spatial
investigate
whether
up‐
downwards.
We
manipulated
landing
brightness
ensuing
saccade
could
prepared
prior
saccade.
Specifically,
either
presented
patches
throughout
trial
or
only
these
upon
onset.
In
two
experiments,
earlier
responses
both
when
presaccadically.
This
shows
shifted
agrees
with
being
instrumental
realizing
Reconciling
previously
contradictory
findings,
can
without
necessarily
yielding
all
facets
processing
at
attended
location.
Nevertheless,
our
findings
demonstrate
shift
along
vertical
meridian.
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
15(3)
Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2023
Abstract
Pupil‐size
changes
are
typically
associated
with
the
pupil
light
response
(PLR),
where
they
driven
by
physical
entry
of
into
eye.
However,
pupil‐size
also
influenced
various
cognitive
processes,
higher‐level
cognition.
For
example,
strength
PLR
is
not
solely
affected
properties
but
factors,
such
as
whether
source
attended
or
not,
which
results
in
an
increase
decrease
PLR.
Surprisingly,
although
cognitively
have
been
focus
extensive
research,
their
possible
functions
rarely
discussed.
Here
we
consider
relative
(dis)advantages
small
versus
large
pupils
different
situations
from
a
theoretical
point
view,
and
compare
these
to
empirical
showing
how
size
actually
situations.
Based
on
this,
suggest
that
optimize
vision
either
through
preparation,
embodied
representations,
differential
emphasis
central
peripheral
vision.
More
generally,
argue
form
sensory
tuning:
subtle
adjustment
eyes
for
current
situation
immediate
future.
This
article
categorized
under:
Neuroscience
>
Cognition
Physiology
Behavior
This
study
examined
whether
pupil
size
varies
as
a
function
of
the
memorability
natural
scene
images.
In
Experiment
1,
participants
were
asked
to
memorize,
recognize,
and
passively
view
high-
low-memorability
images
from
an
established
dataset.
The
baseline-corrected
sizes
larger
for
high-memorability
images,
but
only
during
old
trials
in
recognition
phase.
However,
after
implementing
stricter
controls
image
luminance
arousal,
dilation
was
observed
across
all
phases:
memorization,
recognition,
passive
viewing
(Experiments
2
3).
effect
further
validated
through
item-based
analysis.
Both
old/new
subsequent
memory
replicated,
these
effects
are
probably
separable
memorability.
results
this
suggest
that
is
sensitive
regardless
behavioral
task,
supporting
intrinsic,
higher-order
property
image.
What
determines
where
to
move
the
eyes?
We
recently
showed
that
pupil
size,
a
well-established
marker
of
effort,
also
reflects
effort
associated
with
making
saccade
(‘saccade
costs’).
Here,
we
demonstrate
costs
critically
drive
selection:
when
choosing
between
any
two
directions,
least
costly
direction
was
consistently
preferred.
Strikingly,
this
principle
even
held
during
search
in
natural
scenes
additional
experiments.
When
increasing
cognitive
demand
experimentally
through
an
auditory
counting
task,
participants
made
fewer
saccades
and
especially
cut
directions.
This
suggests
eye-movement
system
other
operations
consume
similar
resources
are
flexibly
allocated
among
each
as
changes.
Together,
argue
behavior
is
tuned
adaptively
minimize
saccade-inherent
effort.
Journal of Cognition,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
7(1), С. 8 - 8
Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2024
Not
only
is
visual
attention
shifted
to
objects
in
the
external
world,
can
also
be
directed
memory.
We
have
recently
shown
that
pupil
size
indexes
how
strongly
items
are
attended
externally,
which
was
reflected
more
precise
encoding
into
working
Using
a
retro-cuing
paradigm,
we
here
replicated
this
finding
by
showing
stronger
constrictions
during
were
reflective
of
depth
encoding.
Importantly,
extend
previous
work
revealed
intensity
internal
toward
content
stored
Specifically,
dilation
prioritization
one
among
multiple
internally
representations
predicted
precision
prioritized
item.
Furthermore,
dynamics
pupillary
responses
and
independently
determined
internalized
representations.
Our
results
show
both
not
all-or-none
processes,
but
should
rather
thought
as
continuous
resources
deployed
at
varying
intensities.
The
employed
pupillometric
approach
allows
unravel
intricate
interplay
between
their
effects
on
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2024
Abstract
Adaptive
behavior
necessitates
the
prioritization
of
most
relevant
information
in
environment
(external)
and
memory
(internal).
Internal
is
known
to
guide
selection
external
sensory
input,
but
reverse
may
also
be
possible:
Does
memorized
material?
Here
we
addressed
whether
reappearing
input
matching
visual
working
(VWM)
facilitates
other
non-reappearing
items.
Participants
(total
n
=
72)
three
orientations.
Crucially
some,
not
all,
items
maintained
VWM
were
made
available
again
environment.
These
never
had
reproduced
later.
Experiment
1
showed
that
reappearance
all
one
item
benefited
accuracy
speed
same
extent
as
a
spatial
retro
cue.
This
shows
memory-matching
allow
for
dynamic
another
item.
What
aspects
drive
this
effect?
2
demonstrated
was
facilitated
if
matched
content
terms
both
location
orientation.
Sensory
fully
likely
processed
more
efficiently,
possibly
leading
stronger
content.
We
robustness
our
findings
3.
propose
link
between
processing
bidirectional:
internal
representations
which
turn
subserve
adaptive
behavior.
Public
significance
statement
Visual
attention
allows
selective
objects
contents
held
memory.
To
date,
studies
have
investigated
using
static
displays.
However,
everyday
life,
appear,
disappear
reappear
from
field
within
matter
seconds.
participants
could
leverage
nature
world
prioritization.
In
experiments
demonstrate
humans
capitalize
on
prioritize
other,
objects.
Moreover,
found
whenever
fully,
material
effective.
Our
results
provide
insights
into
how
occur
natural
settings.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2024
What
determines
where
to
move
the
eyes?
We
recently
showed
that
pupil
size,
a
well-established
marker
of
effort,
also
reflects
effort
associated
with
making
saccade
('saccade
costs').
Here
we
demonstrate
costs
critically
drive
selection:
when
choosing
between
any
two
directions,
least
costly
direction
was
consistently
preferred.
Strikingly,
this
principle
even
held
during
search
in
natural
scenes
additional
experiments.
When
increasing
cognitive
demand
experimentally
through
an
auditory
counting
task,
participants
made
fewer
saccades
and
especially
cut
directions.
This
suggests
eye-movement
system
other
operations
consume
similar
resources
are
flexibly
allocated
among
each
as
changes.
Together,
argue
behavior
is
tuned
adaptively
minimize
saccade-inherent
effort.
What
determines
where
to
move
the
eyes?
We
recently
showed
that
pupil
size,
a
well-established
marker
of
effort,
also
reflects
effort
associated
with
making
saccade
(’saccade
costs’).
Here
we
demonstrate
costs
critically
drive
selection:
when
choosing
between
any
two
directions,
least
costly
direction
was
consistently
preferred.
Strikingly,
this
principle
even
held
during
search
in
natural
scenes
additional
experiments.
When
increasing
cognitive
demand
experimentally
through
an
auditory
counting
task,
participants
made
fewer
saccades
and
especially
cut
directions.
This
suggests
eye-movement
system
other
operations
consume
similar
resources
are
flexibly
allocated
among
each
as
changes.
Together,
argue
behavior
is
tuned
adaptively
minimize
saccade-inherent
effort.