Our
eyes
do
not
only
respond
to
visual
perception
but
also
internal
cognition
involving
imagery,
which
can
be
referred
as
coupling.
This
review
synthesizes
evidence
on
coupling
across
diverse
domains
including
episodic
memory
and
simulation,
visuospatial
memory,
numerical
cognition,
object
movement,
body
brightness
imagery.
In
each
domain,
eye
movements
consistently
reflect
distinct
aspects
of
mental
imagery
typically
akin
those
seen
in
corresponding
experiences.
Several
findings
further
suggest
that
may
coincide
with
supports
evidenced
by
improved
cognitive
performance.
Available
theoretical
accounts
serve
at
least
two
functional
roles
imagery:
facilitating
reconstruction
indicating
shifts
attention.
Moreover,
recent
insights
into
the
neurobiology
highlight
substantially
shared
neural
pathways
externally
internally
directed
cognition.
The
concludes
identifying
open
questions
promising
avenues
for
future
research
such
exploring
moderating
context
individual
differences
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
165, С. 105855 - 105855
Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2024
Our
eyes
do
not
only
respond
to
visual
perception
but
also
internal
cognition
involving
imagery,
which
can
be
referred
as
coupling.
This
review
synthesizes
evidence
on
coupling
across
diverse
domains
including
episodic
memory
and
simulation,
visuospatial
memory,
numerical
cognition,
object
movement,
body
brightness
imagery.
In
each
domain,
eye
movements
consistently
reflect
distinct
aspects
of
mental
imagery
typically
akin
those
seen
in
corresponding
experiences.
Several
findings
further
suggest
that
may
coincide
with
supports
evidenced
by
improved
cognitive
performance.
Available
theoretical
accounts
serve
at
least
two
functional
roles
imagery:
facilitating
reconstruction
indicating
shifts
attention.
Moreover,
recent
insights
into
the
neurobiology
highlight
substantially
shared
neural
pathways
externally
internally
directed
cognition.
The
concludes
identifying
open
questions
promising
avenues
for
future
research
such
exploring
moderating
context
individual
differences
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Окт. 22, 2024
ABSTRACT
Mind‐wandering
(MW)
refers
to
the
shift
of
attention
away
from
an
ongoing
task
and/or
external
environment
towards
mental
contents
(e.g.,
memories,
prospective
thoughts)
unrelated
task.
Physiological
measures
pupil
size,
EEG,
and
fMRI)
have
often
been
acquired
as
objective
markers
for
MW
states,
which
has
greatly
helped
their
study
well
triangulation
with
other
measures.
Pupillometry
in
particular
used
a
covert
biomarker
because
it
is
reliably
modulated
by
several
distinct
processes
spanning
arousal,
emotion,
attention,
signals
attentional
lapses.
Yet,
coupling
measurement
size
led
seemingly
contrasting
results.
We
argue
that,
common
studies
reviewed
here,
one
reason
resolving
tonic
reflects
low‐frequency,
slow
changes
one's
physiological
state,
thus
implicitly
assumes
that
static,
long‐lasting
process.
then
additionally
focus
on
three
major
axes
variability
studies:
(i)
definition
MW;
(ii)
impact
contextual
aspects,
such
demands
individual
arousal
levels;
(iii)
identification
tracking
combination
pupillary
provide
overview
these
differences
put
forward
recommendations
using
measures—including,
but
not
limited
to,
size—in
research
effectively.
In
conclusion,
pupillometry
can
be
very
informative
tool
research,
provided
due
methodological
caution.
Pupil
size
is
modulated
by
various
cognitive
factors
such
as
attention,
working
memory,
mental
imagery,
and
subjective
perception.
Previous
studies
examining
effects
on
pupil
mainly
focused
inducing
or
enhancing
a
experience
of
brightness
darkness
(for
example
asking
participants
to
attend
to/memorize
bright
dark
stimulus),
then
showing
that
this
affects
size.
Surprisingly,
the
inverse
has
never
been
done;
is,
it
still
unknown
what
happens
when
eliminated
strongly
reduced
even
though
stimuli
are
physically
present.
Here,
we
aim
answer
question
using
perceptual
fading,
phenomenon
where
visual
stimulus
gradually
fades
from
awareness
despite
its
continuous
presentation.
The
study
contains
two
blocks:
Fading
Non-Fading.
In
block,
were
presented
with
black
white
patches
fuzzy
outline
at
same
location
throughout
thus
strong
fading.
contrast,
in
Non-Fading
switched
sides
each
trial,
preventing
Participants
covertly
attended
one
patches,
indicated
cue,
reported
offset
set
circles
displayed
top.
We
hypothesized
will
be
covert
attention
but
effect
not
(or
lesser
extent)
arise
block.
found
bright/dark
does
modulate
during
fading
(Fading
block),
extent
than
brightness/darkness
preserved
(Non-Fading
block).
This
implies
always
decreases
decreases.
broader
terms,
suggests
modulations
reflect
mixture
high-level
lower-level
processing.
Pupil
diameter,
controlled
by
the
autonomic
nervous
system
(ANS),
reflects
numerous
processes,
from
arousal
to
cognitive
functions.
In
particular,
characteristics
of
pupil
at
rest,
its
size
and
dynamics,
reflect
tonic
activity
ANS.
However,
which
factor
can
influence
these
pupillary
rest
remains
unclear.
has
been
shown
have
a
physiological,
rhythmic
oscillatory
called
hippus
is
naturally
occurring
in
children
adults
still
poorly
characterised.
Our
aim
better
characterise
investigating
how
parameters
are
influenced
different
bottom-up
(illumination)
top-down
(cognitive
load)
conditions.
Thirty
were
included
study
(19-35
years
old).
order
disentangle
illumination
load,
we
recorded
variations
during
5
randomly
appearing
blocks.
For
each
block,
participant
had
fixate
central
cross.
The
blocks
varied
according
gradients
(11
lux,
19
lux
28
lux)
load
(fixation,
dot
counting
mental
subtraction).
Three
main
assessed:
median
frequency
amplitude
hippus.
We
observed
clear
differences
between
illumination,
decreased
when
increased.
conditions,
high
led
greater
dilation
frequency.
Overall,
processing
differently,
probably
through
shared
integrative
structures
like
locus
coeruleus
superior
colliculus.
Our
eyes
do
not
only
respond
to
visual
perception
but
also
internal
cognition
involving
imagery,
which
can
be
referred
as
coupling.
This
review
synthesizes
evidence
on
coupling
across
diverse
domains
including
episodic
memory
and
simulation,
visuospatial
memory,
numerical
cognition,
object
movement,
body
brightness
imagery.
In
each
domain,
eye
movements
consistently
reflect
distinct
aspects
of
mental
imagery
typically
akin
those
seen
in
corresponding
experiences.
Several
findings
further
suggest
that
may
coincide
with
supports
evidenced
by
improved
cognitive
performance.
Available
theoretical
accounts
serve
at
least
two
functional
roles
imagery:
facilitating
reconstruction
indicating
shifts
attention.
Moreover,
recent
insights
into
the
neurobiology
highlight
substantially
shared
neural
pathways
externally
internally
directed
cognition.
The
concludes
identifying
open
questions
promising
avenues
for
future
research
such
exploring
moderating
context
individual
differences
