Pupillary responses to directional uncertainty while intercepting a moving target

Royal Society Open Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(10)

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024

Pupillary responses serve as sensitive indicators of cognitive processes, attentional shifts and decision-making dynamics. Our study investigates how directional uncertainty target speed ( V T ) influence pupillary in a foveal tracking task involving the interception moving dot. Directional uncertainty, reflecting unpredictability target’s direction changes, was manipulated by altering angular range (AR) from which random directions for dot were extracted. Higher AR values associated with reduced diameters, indicating that heightened led to smaller pupil sizes. Additionally, an inverse U-shaped relationship between suggested maximal diameters at intermediate speeds. Analysis saccade-triggered showed negative correlation diameter uncertainty. Dynamic linear modelling revealed past successful collisions other behavioural parameters on responses, emphasizing intricate interaction variables processing. results highlight dynamic interplay single target, implications understanding mechanisms, processes potential applications emerging technologies.

Язык: Английский

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Pupillary manifolds: uncovering the latent geometrical structures behind phasic changes in pupil size

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2024

The size of the pupils reflects directly balance different branches autonomic nervous system. This measure is inexpensive, non-invasive, and has provided invaluable insights on a wide range mental processes, from attention to emotion executive functions. Two outstanding limitations current pupillometry research are lack consensus in analytical approaches, which vary wildly across groups disciplines, fact that, unlike other neuroimaging techniques, lacks dimensionality shed light sources observed effects. In words, provides an integrated readout several distinct networks, but it unclear whether each specific fingerprint, stemming its function or physiological substrate. Here we show that phasic changes pupil inherently low-dimensional, with modes highly consistent behavioral tasks very nature, suggesting these occur along pupillary manifolds constrained by underlying structures rather than These results provide not only unified approach analyze data, also opportunity for physiology psychology refer same processes tracing reported biology.

Язык: Английский

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Machine Learning-Driven Analysis of Temporal Pupil Dynamics for Interpretable ADHD Diagnosis (Preprint)

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2025

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental characterized by persistent patterns of inattention and hyperactivity. Current diagnostic methods rely heavily on subjective measures, such as clinical interviews behavior rating scales, which are prone to bias variability. Objective biomarkers, essential for reliable standardized diagnosis, remain elusive. Pupillometry, measures dynamic pupil responses associated with cognitive attentional processes, offers promising avenue objective ADHD diagnostics. However, existing studies often overlook clinically relevant features fail prioritize model interpretability, hindering their potential implementation. This study aims develop interpretable machine learning models utilizing temporal dynamics classify control groups, aiming improved accuracy explainability. utilized already published pupillometry data from 49 participants, including 21 controls 28 ADHD-diagnosed children, 17 assessed both on-medication off-medication. Data were collected during visuospatial working memory task designed evaluate processes. The preprocessed remove noise analysis. Pupil behavioral first identified based literature review conducted the population. final set was determined through statistical analyses using mixed block-wise ANOVA assess significance. Binary classification developed differentiate participants. evaluated progressively, starting derived only dynamics, then incorporating performance metrics, finally reaction time metrics. Performance area under receiver operating characteristic curve. ensured interpretability selection statistically significant features, supported review, that contribute meaningfully task. Key included median size (blocks 1 3), dilation contraction rates 4 8), time, each exhibiting distinct Visualizations heatmaps feature importance charts highlighted relevance, providing transparency in models' decision-making demonstrated robust these features. Models trained exclusively achieved best 86.7% an AUROC score 0.884. Incorporating metrics performance, achieving 88.9% 0.931. integration resulted highest 90%, 0.93, sensitivity 100%, specificity 80.8%. highlights leveraging biomarker ADHD. By focusing proposed offer practical trustworthy approach advancing development tools use.

Язык: Английский

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The Interplay of Spontaneous Pupil‐Size Fluctuations and EEG Power in Near‐Threshold Detection

Psychophysiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 62(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Detection of near‐threshold stimuli depends on the properties stimulus and state observer. In visual detection tasks, improved accuracy is associated with larger prestimulus pupil size. However, it still unclear whether this association due to optical effects (more light entering eye), correlations arousal, cortical excitability (as reflected in alpha power), or a mix these. To better understand this, we investigated relative contributions size power alpha, beta, theta frequency bands detection. We found that more stimulus‐present responses, these were not mediated by spectral EEG. Pupil was also positively correlated beta bands. Taken together, our results show an independent effect performance driven but may be effects, physiological both.

Язык: Английский

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Optimizing Workplace Lighting: Objective Assessment of Cognitive Performance Factors Using Eye-Tracking Technology

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The interplay of spontaneous pupil-size fluctuations and EEG power in near-threshold detection

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 14, 2024

Abstract Detection of near-threshold stimuli depends on the properties stimulus and state observer. In visual detection tasks, improved sensitivity is associated with larger pre-stimulus pupil size. However, it still unclear whether this association due to optical effects (more light entering eye), correlations arousal, cortical excitability (as reflected in alpha power), or a mix these. To better understand this, we investigated relative contributions size power alpha, beta, theta frequency bands detection. We found that more liberal criterion (the likelihood reporting was detected). Importantly, relationship between not mediated by any measured neural variables; however beta band (12-30 Hz). Pupil positively correlated bands. Additionally, show suppression (4 - 8 Hz) criterion. Taken together, our results an independent effect driven excitability, but may be effects, both.

Язык: Английский

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What pupil size can and cannot tell about math anxiety

Psychological Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 88(8), С. 2455 - 2468

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2024

Abstract Math Anxiety (MA) consists of excessive fear and worry about math-related situations. It represents a major barrier to numerical competence the pursuit STEM careers. Yet, we currently do not dispose many tools that can capture its multifaceted nature, e.g. moving beyond exclusive reliance on self-reports meta-cognition. Here sought probe Pupil Size (PS) as viable tool in study MA by administering arithmetic problems university students humanities ( N = 70) with various levels MA. We found performance are indeed negatively associated MA, this is accurately tracked PS. When accounted for, does further modulate PS (before, during, or after calculation). However, latency peak dilation add significant contribution predicting scores, indicating high may be accompanied more prolonged cognitive effort. Results show mathematical too crystalized young discernible. therefore call for early educational interventions tackle mitigate dysfunctional association on.

Язык: Английский

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Baseline Pupil Size Seems Unrelated to Fluid Intelligence, Working Memory Capacity, and Attentional Control

Journal of Cognition, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Over the past few years, several studies have explored relationship between resting-state baseline pupil size and cognitive abilities, including fluid intelligence, working memory capacity, attentional control. However, results been inconsistent. Here we present findings from two experiments designed to replicate expand previous research, with aim of clarifying mixed findings. In both experiments, measured while participants were not engaged in any tasks, assessed intelligence using a matrix task. one experiment also capacity (letter-number-sequencing task) control (attentional-capture task). We controlled for personal demographic variables known influence size, such as age nicotine consumption. Our analyses revealed no (average or variability) constructs, neither before nor after controlling confounding variables. Taken together, our suggest that abilities is likely be weak non-existent.

Язык: Английский

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The fingerprints of pupillary dynamics

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 23, 2024

The size of the pupils reflects directly balance different branches autonomic nervous system. This measure is inexpensive, non-invasive, and has provided invaluable insights on a wide range mental processes, from attention to emotion executive functions. Two outstanding limitations current pupillometry research are lack consensus in analytical approaches, which vary wildly across groups disciplines, fact that, unlike other neuroimaging techniques, lacks dimensionality shed light sources observed effects. In words, provides an integrated readout several distinct networks, but it unclear whether each specific fingerprint, stemming its function or physiological substrate. Here we show that phasic changes pupil inherently low-dimensional, with modes highly consistent behavioral tasks very nature, suggesting these occur along pupillary manifolds constrained by underlying structures rather than These results provide not only unified approach analyze data, also opportunity for physiology psychology refer same processes tracing reported biology.

Язык: Английский

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Illusory light drives pupil responses in primates

Journal of Vision, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(7), С. 14 - 14

Опубликована: Июль 24, 2024

In humans, the eye pupils respond to both physical light sensed by retina and mental representations of produced brain. Notably, our constrict when a visual stimulus is illusorily perceived brighter, even if retinal illumination constant. However, it remains unclear whether such perceptual penetrability pupil responses an epiphenomenon unique humans or represents adaptive mechanism shared with other animals anticipate variations in between successive fixations. To address this issue, we measured macaque monkeys exposed three chromatic versions (cyan, magenta, yellow) Asahi brightness illusion. We found that stimuli brighter darker trigger differential are very similar macaques human participants. Additionally, show phenomenon exhibits analogous cyan bias primate species. Beyond evincing monkey as relevant model study responses, results suggest tuned ecological conditions because exposure "bright cyan-bluish sky" may be associated increased risks dazzle damages.

Язык: Английский

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