Tackling crises in cryospheric research

PLOS Climate, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 3(7), С. e0000439 - e0000439

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2024

The cryosphere in crisisThe global is crisis.Snow and ice on land at sea are shrinking response to rising air ocean temperatures, posing new challenges those who depend them for survival.Last year saw record-low extent Antarctica [1], an increasing body of research now indicates that parts the West Antarctic Ice Sheet unstable even present day temperatures [2].The Arctic warming nearly four times average rate [3], a so high it affecting value, pushing us across Paris agreement's 2C limit around eight years earlier [4].Melt driven runoff from Greenland has grown by 20% [5], with sheet contributing more than 1.2 cm level rise time [6].Based our emissions date, we appear have already committed further 25 [7].Away polar regions, millions people worldwide risk changing cryosphere.Glaciers High Mountain Asia faced accelerated melting 65% recent compared first decade this century [8].Similarly, snow cover days declined five per since 1950 [9].Both components comprise between 5% 80% contribution runoff, east west region critical ~1.9 billion people-a quarter world's population [10].In Norway, where about 94% electricity generation based hydropower which 15% glaciated catchment areas, majority major glaciers will disappeared 2100 [11].These rapid changes expected cause frequent intense glacial lake outburst floods, water scarcity, increased landslide risks, disruptions communities.

Язык: Английский

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Application of HY-2B Satellite Data to Retrieve Snow Depth on Antarctic Sea Ice

Remote Sensing, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(17), С. 3253 - 3253

Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2024

Sea ice and its surface snow are crucial components of the energy cycle mass balance between atmosphere ocean, serving as sensitive indicators climate change. Observing understanding changes in depth on Antarctic sea essential for research global change studies. This study explores feasibility retrieving using data from Chinese marine satellite HY-2B. Using generic retrieval algorithms, was retrieved HY-2B Scanning Microwave Radiometer (SMR) data, compared with existing products derived other microwave radiometer data. A comparison against ship-based measurements 35th Scientific Expedition shows that SMR Comiso03 algorithm exhibits lowest RMSD, a deviation −1.9 cm to Markus98 Shen22 models. The model agreement GCOM-W1 AMSR-2 product released by National Snow Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Differences two primarily occur during ablation Bellingshausen Sea, Amundsen southern Pacific Ocean. In 2019, monthly average reached maximum January (36.2 cm) decreased minimum May (15.3 cm). Thicker cover observed Weddell Ross seas, due presence multi-year ice, while thinner found Indian Ocean demonstrates high accuracy highlighting potential reliable alternative measurements. significantly contributes observing relationship

Язык: Английский

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Chlorophyll Production in the Amundsen Sea Boosts Heat Flux to Atmosphere and Weakens Heat Flux to Ice Shelves

Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 129(9)

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

Abstract The Amundsen Sea in West Antarctica features rapidly thinning ice shelves, large polynyas, and sizable spring phytoplankton blooms. Although considerable effort has gone into characterizing heat fluxes between the Sea, its associated overlying atmosphere, effect of blooms on distribution remains poorly understood. In this modeling study, we implement a feedback from biogeochemistry onto physics MITgcm‐BLING use it to show that high levels chlorophyll—concentrated Polynya Pine Island Polynya—have potential increase springtime surface warming polynyas by steepening attenuation profile solar radiation with depth. chlorophyll‐associated warm anomaly (on average +0.2C +0.3C) at is quickly dissipated increases longwave, latent sensible loss open water areas. Outside coastal summertime leads an sea 1.7 cm across region, stimulates up 20% additional seasonal melting near fronts shelves. accompanying cold anomaly, caused shading deeper waters, persists year‐round affects decrease volume Circumpolar Deep Water continental shelf. This cooling ultimately thickening 3.5 and, together changes circulation, reduces basal shelves approximately 7% relative model scenario no bloom.

Язык: Английский

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Antarctic ice-shelf meltwater outflows in satellite radar imagery: ground-truthing and basal channel observations

Journal of Glaciology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 13

Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2024

Abstract Ice shelves regulate the flow of Antarctic ice sheet toward ocean and its contribution to sea-level rise. Accurately monitoring basal surface melting is therefore essential for predicting sheet's response climatic warming. In this study, we utilize Sentinel-1A synthetic aperture radar satellite imagery combined with shipboard measurements water temperature salinity investigate presence surficial meltwater plumes along coastline. Our approach reveals a strong correlation between areas pronounced low backscatter extending from significant decreases in salinity, suggesting meltwater-enriched waters. We propose that signature outflows caused by stable stratification upper column, driven density contrasts buoyant, low-salinity current shear reduce Bragg scattering waves. The resulting smooth surfaces were observed adjacent expression deep channels, documented helicopter survey part Bellingshausen Sea edge. present high-temporal resolution as tool identifying release beneath shelves, capable all-weather, day-and-night imaging.

Язык: Английский

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