Addiction,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
113(5), С. 924 - 934
Опубликована: Дек. 29, 2017
Abstract
Background
and
aims
Prior
research
has
found
bidirectional
associations
between
psychotic
experiences
(PEs)
selected
substance
use
disorders.
We
aimed
to
extend
this
by
examining
the
association
PEs
various
types
of
(SU)
disorders
(SUDs),
influence
antecedent
mental
on
these
associations.
Design,
setting,
participants
measurements
used
data
from
World
Health
Organization
Mental
surveys.
A
total
30
902
adult
respondents
across
18
countries
were
assessed
for
(a)
six
life‐time
PEs,
(b)
a
range
SU
DSM‐IV
SUDs
(c)
using
Composite
International
Diagnostic
Interview.
Discrete‐time
survival
analyses
based
retrospective
age‐at‐onset
reports
examined
SU/SUDs
controlling
Findings
After
adjusting
demographics,
comorbid
disorders,
those
with
prior
alcohol
[odds
ratio
(OR)
=
1.6,
95%
confidence
interval
(CI)
1.2–2.0],
extra‐medical
prescription
drug
(OR
1.5,
CI
1.1–1.9),
1.4,
1.1–1.7)
tobacco
1.3,
1.0–1.8)
had
increased
odds
subsequent
first
onset
PEs.
In
contrast,
temporally
1.2–1.9),
1.1–1.6)
or
cannabis
1.0–1.5)
as
well
all
(ORs
ranged
1.4
1.5).
There
was
dose
response
relationship
both
count
frequency
SU/SUDs.
Conclusions
Associations
use/substance
(SU/SUDs)
are
often
bidirectional,
but
not
associated
These
findings
suggest
that
it
is
important
be
aware
presence
within
at
risk
SUDs,
given
plausibility
they
may
each
impact
upon
other.
World Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
19(3), С. 360 - 380
Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2020
There
is
increasing
academic
and
clinical
interest
in
how
“lifestyle
factors”
traditionally
associated
with
physical
health
may
also
relate
to
mental
psychological
well‐being.
In
response,
international
national
bodies
are
producing
guidelines
address
behaviors
the
prevention
treatment
of
illness.
However,
current
evidence
for
causal
role
lifestyle
factors
onset
prognosis
disorders
unclear.
We
performed
a
systematic
meta‐review
top‐tier
examining
activity,
sleep,
dietary
patterns
tobacco
smoking
impact
on
risk
outcomes
across
range
disorders.
Results
from
29
meta‐analyses
prospective/cohort
studies,
12
Mendelian
randomization
two
meta‐reviews,
randomized
controlled
trials
were
synthesized
generate
overviews
targeting
each
specific
depression,
anxiety
stress‐related
disorders,
schizophrenia,
bipolar
disorder,
attention‐deficit/hyperactivity
disorder.
Standout
findings
include:
a)
convergent
indicating
use
activity
primary
spectrum
disorders;
b)
emerging
implicating
as
factor
both
common
severe
illness;
c)
need
clearly
establish
relations
between
illness,
diet
should
be
best
addressed
within
care;
d)
poor
sleep
although
further
research
required
understand
complex,
bidirectional
benefits
non‐pharmacological
sleep‐focused
interventions.
The
potentially
shared
neurobiological
pathways
multiple
discussed,
along
directions
future
research,
recommendations
implementation
these
at
public
service
levels.
The Lancet Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
6(5), С. 427 - 436
Опубликована: Март 19, 2019
Cannabis
use
is
associated
with
increased
risk
of
later
psychotic
disorder
but
whether
it
affects
incidence
the
remains
unclear.
We
aimed
to
identify
patterns
cannabis
strongest
effect
on
odds
across
Europe
and
explore
differences
in
such
contribute
variations
rates
disorder.
World Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
17(1), С. 49 - 66
Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2018
Psychosis
is
a
heterogeneous
psychiatric
condition
for
which
multitude
of
risk
and
protective
factors
have
been
suggested.
This
umbrella
review
aimed
to
classify
the
strength
evidence
associations
between
each
factor
psychotic
disorders
whilst
controlling
several
biases.
The
Web
Knowledge
database
was
searched
identify
systematic
reviews
meta‐analyses
observational
studies
examined
socio‐demographic,
parental,
perinatal,
later
or
antecedents
disorders,
included
comparison
group
healthy
controls,
published
from
1965
January
31,
2017.
literature
search
data
extraction
followed
PRISMA
MOOSE
guidelines.
association
ICD
DSM
diagnoses
non‐organic
graded
into
convincing,
highly
suggestive,
weak,
non‐significant
according
standardized
classification
based
on:
number
cases,
random‐effects
p
value,
largest
study
95%
confidence
interval,
heterogeneity
studies,
prediction
small
effect,
excess
significance
bias.
In
order
assess
temporality
association,
we
also
conducted
sensitivity
analyses
restricted
prospective
studies.
Fifty‐five
were
in
review,
corresponding
683
individual
170
putative
disorders.
Only
ultra‐high‐risk
state
psychosis
(odds
ratio,
OR=9.32,
CI:
4.91‐17.72)
Black‐Caribbean
ethnicity
England
(OR=4.87,
3.96‐6.00)
showed
convincing
association.
Six
suggestive
(ethnic
minority
low
ethnic
density
area,
second
generation
immigrants,
trait
anhedonia,
premorbid
IQ,
minor
physical
anomalies,
olfactory
identification
ability),
nine
(urbanicity,
high
first
North‐African
immigrants
Europe,
winter/spring
season
birth
Northern
hemisphere,
childhood
social
withdrawal,
trauma,
Toxoplasma
gondii
IgG,
non‐right
handedness).
When
only
considered,
urbanicity
only.
summary,
this
found
be
associated
with
different
levels
evidence.
These
represent
starting
point
further
etiopathological
research
improvement
psychosis.
Schizophrenia Bulletin,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
43(6), С. 1190 - 1196
Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2017
At
its
re-birth
30
years
ago,
the
neurodevelopment
hypothesis
of
schizophrenia
focussed
on
aberrant
genes
and
early
neural
hazards,
but
then
it
grew
to
include
ideas
concerning
synaptic
pruning
in
adolescence.
The
had
own
stormy
development
endured
some
difficult
teenage
when
a
resurgence
interest
neurodegeneration
threatened
survival.
In
adult
life,
over-reached
itself
with
reductionists
claiming
that
was
simply
neurodevelopmental
disease.
However,
by
age
30,
has
matured
sufficiently
incorporated
childhood
adversity,
urban
living
migration,
as
well
heavy
cannabis
use,
important
risk
factors.
Thus,
morphed
into
developmental
factor
model
psychosis
integrated
new
evidence
dysregulated
striatal
dopamine
final
step
pathway
linking
factors
psychotic
symptoms.
Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
10
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020
New
psychoactive
substances
(NPS)
are
a
heterogeneous
group
of
substances.
They
associated
with
number
health
and
social
harms
on
an
individual
societal
level.
NPS
toxicity
dependence
syndromes
recognised
in
primary
care,
emergency
departments,
psychiatric
inpatient
community
care
settings.
One
pragmatic
classification
system
is
to
divide
into
one
four
groups:
synthetic
stimulants,
cannabinoids,
hallucinogens
depressants
(which
include
opioids
benzodiazepines).
We
review
these
classes
NPS,
including
their
chemical
structures,
mechanism
action,
modes
use,
intended
intoxicant
effects,
physical
mental
harms.
The
current
challenges
faced
by
laboratory
testing
for
also
explored,
the
context
diverse
range
currently
available,
rate
production
emergence
new
substances,
different
formulations,
methods
acquisition
distribution.
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
105(5), С. 1139 - 1147
Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2019
Cannabis
is
the
most
popular
illicit
drug
in
Western
world.
Repeated
cannabis
use
has
been
associated
with
short‐
and
long‐term
side
effects,
including
respiratory
cardiovascular
disorders,
cognitive
alterations,
psychosis,
schizophrenia,
mood
disorders.
However,
casual
relations
between
these
adverse
effects
are
missing.
On
other
hand,
recent
research
proposed
promising
therapeutic
potential
of
cannabinoid‐based
drugs
for
a
wide
range
medical
conditions,
neurological
psychiatric
The
current
article
presents
contemporary
review
on
safety,
drugs.
Given
growing
popularity
both
recreational
purposes
their
harmful
there
need
further
investigation
this
field.
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
19(3), С. 309 - 316
Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2017
Cannabis
(also
known
as
marijuana)
is
the
most
frequently
used
illicit
psychoactive
substance
in
world.
Though
it
was
long
considered
to
be
a
"soft"
drug,
studies
have
proven
harmful
psychiatric
and
addictive
effects
associated
with
its
use.
A
number
of
elements
are
responsible
for
increased
complications
cannabis
use,
including
increase
potency
an
evolution
ratio
between
two
primary
components,
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol
(Δ9-THC)
cannabidiol
(toward
higher
proportion
Δ9-THC),
Synthetic
cannabinoid
(SC)
use
has
rapidly
progressed
over
last
few
years,
primarily
among
frequent
users,
because
SCs
provide
similar
cannabis.
However,
their
composition
pharmacological
properties
make
them
dangerous
substances.
does
therapeutic
certain
indications.
These
applications
pertain
only
cannabinoids
synthetic
derivatives.
The
objective
this
article
summarize
current
developments
concerning
spread
SCs.
Future
must
further
explore
benefit-risk
profile
medical
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
22(17), С. 9472 - 9472
Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2021
The
Endocannabinoid
System
(ECS)
is
primarily
responsible
for
maintaining
homeostasis,
a
balance
in
internal
environment
(temperature,
mood,
and
immune
system)
energy
input
output
living,
biological
systems.
In
addition
to
regulating
physiological
processes,
the
ECS
directly
influences
anxiety,
feeding
behaviour/appetite,
emotional
behaviour,
depression,
nervous
functions,
neurogenesis,
neuroprotection,
reward,
cognition,
learning,
memory,
pain
sensation,
fertility,
pregnancy,
pre-and
post-natal
development.
also
involved
several
pathophysiological
diseases
such
as
cancer,
cardiovascular
diseases,
neurodegenerative
diseases.
recent
years,
genetic
pharmacological
manipulation
of
has
gained
significant
interest
medicine,
research,
drug
discovery
distribution
components
system
throughout
body,
physiological/pathophysiological
role
ECS-signalling
pathways
many
all
offer
promising
opportunities
development
novel
cannabinergic,
cannabimimetic,
cannabinoid-based
therapeutic
drugs
that
genetically
or
pharmacologically
modulate
via
inhibition
metabolic
and/or
agonism
antagonism
receptors
ECS.
This
modulation
results
differential
expression/activity
may
be
beneficial
treatment
number
manuscript
in-depth
review
will
investigate
potential
various
put
forth
suggestion
these
secondary
metabolites
