International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
23(4), С. 2255 - 2255
Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2022
Schistosomiasis,
caused
by
human
trematode
blood
flukes
(schistosomes),
remains
one
of
the
most
prevalent
and
serious
neglected
tropical
parasitic
diseases.
Currently,
treatment
schistosomiasis
relies
solely
on
a
single
drug,
anthelmintic
praziquantel,
with
increased
usage
in
mass
drug
administration
control
programs
for
disease,
specter
resistance
developing
is
constant
threat.
Vaccination
recognized
as
sustainable
options
any
pathogen,
but
despite
discovery
reporting
numerous
potentially
promising
schistosome
vaccine
antigens,
to
date,
no
or
animal
deployment
available.
This
fact
that
Science
ranked
such
an
intervention
top
10
vaccines
need
be
urgently
developed
improve
public
health
globally.
review
summarizes
current
progress
under
clinical
development
advocates
urgent
establishment
revolutionary
effective
anti-schistosome
pipeline
utilizing
cutting-edge
technologies
(including
mRNA
exploiting
CRISPR-based
technologies)
provide
novel
insight
into
future
discovery,
design,
manufacture
deployment.
Abstract
mRNA
vaccines
have
become
a
promising
platform
for
cancer
immunotherapy.
During
vaccination,
naked
or
vehicle
loaded
efficiently
express
tumor
antigens
in
antigen-presenting
cells
(APCs),
facilitate
APC
activation
and
innate/adaptive
immune
stimulation.
vaccine
precedes
other
conventional
platforms
due
to
high
potency,
safe
administration,
rapid
development
potentials,
cost-effective
manufacturing.
However,
applications
been
limited
by
instability,
innate
immunogenicity,
inefficient
vivo
delivery.
Appropriate
structure
modifications
(i.e.,
codon
optimizations,
nucleotide
modifications,
self-amplifying
mRNAs,
etc.)
formulation
methods
lipid
nanoparticles
(LNPs),
polymers,
peptides,
investigated
overcome
these
issues.
Tuning
the
administration
routes
co-delivery
of
multiple
with
immunotherapeutic
agents
(e.g.,
checkpoint
inhibitors)
further
boosted
host
anti-tumor
immunity
increased
likelihood
cell
eradication.
With
recent
U.S.
Food
Drug
Administration
(FDA)
approvals
LNP-loaded
prevention
COVID-19
therapeutic
outcomes
achieved
several
clinical
trials
against
aggressive
solid
tumors,
we
envision
advancing
immunotherapy
near
future.
This
review
provides
detailed
overview
progress
existing
challenges
future
considerations
applying
immunotherapies.
Journal of Hematology & Oncology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Март 18, 2022
Abstract
Research
on
tumor
immunotherapy
has
made
tremendous
progress
in
the
past
decades,
with
numerous
studies
entering
clinical
evaluation.
The
cancer
vaccine
is
considered
a
promising
therapeutic
strategy
of
solid
tumors.
Cancer
stimulates
anti-tumor
immunity
antigens,
which
could
be
delivered
form
whole
cells,
peptides,
nucleic
acids,
etc
.
Ideal
vaccines
overcome
immune
suppression
tumors
and
induce
both
humoral
cellular
immunity.
In
this
review,
we
introduced
working
mechanism
summarized
four
platforms
for
development.
We
also
highlighted
research
vaccines,
especially
focusing
their
application
efficacy,
might
hopefully
facilitate
future
design
vaccine.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
7(1)
Опубликована: Март 23, 2022
Abstract
To
date,
the
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
caused
by
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
has
determined
399,600,607
cases
and
5,757,562
deaths
worldwide.
COVID-19
is
a
serious
threat
to
human
health
globally.
The
World
Health
Organization
(WHO)
declared
pandemic
major
public
emergency.
Vaccination
most
effective
economical
intervention
for
controlling
spread
of
epidemics,
consequently
saving
lives
protecting
population.
Various
techniques
have
been
employed
in
development
vaccines.
Among
these,
messenger
RNA
(mRNA)
vaccine
drawing
increasing
attention
owing
its
great
application
prospects
advantages,
which
include
short
cycle,
easy
industrialization,
simple
production
process,
flexibility
respond
new
variants,
capacity
induce
better
immune
response.
This
review
summarizes
current
knowledge
on
structural
characteristics,
antigen
design
strategies,
delivery
systems,
industrialization
potential,
quality
control,
latest
clinical
trials
real-world
data
mRNA
vaccines
as
well
technology.
Current
challenges
future
directions
preventive
infectious
diseases
are
also
discussed.
COVID-19
vaccines
were
developed
with
an
unprecedented
pace
since
the
beginning
of
pandemic.
Several
them
have
reached
market
authorization
and
mass
production,
leading
to
their
global
application
on
a
large
scale.
This
enormous
progress
was
achieved
fundamentally
different
vaccine
technologies
used
in
parallel.
mRNA,
adenoviral
vector
as
well
inactivated
whole-virus
are
now
widespread
use,
subunit
is
final
stage
authorization.
They
all
rely
native
viral
spike
protein
(S)
SARS-CoV-2
for
inducing
potently
neutralizing
antibodies,
but
presentation
this
key
antigen
immune
system
differs
substantially
between
categories
vaccines.
In
article,
we
review
relevance
structural
modifications
S
modes
expression
after
vaccination
genetic
adenovirus-vector
mRNA
Distinguishing
characteristics
unknown
features
highlighted
context
protective
antibody
responses
reactogenicity
Synthetic
mRNA
provides
a
template
for
the
synthesis
of
any
given
protein,
protein
fragment
or
peptide
and
lends
itself
to
broad
range
pharmaceutical
applications,
including
different
modalities
cancer
immunotherapy.
With
ease
rapid,
large
scale
Good
Manufacturing
Practice-grade
production,
is
ideally
poised
not
only
off-the
shelf
vaccines
but
also
personalized
neoantigen
vaccination.
The
ability
stimulate
pattern
recognition
receptors
thus
an
anti-viral
type
innate
immune
response
equips
mRNA-based
with
inherent
adjuvanticity.
Nucleoside
modification
elimination
double-stranded
RNA
can
reduce
immunomodulatory
activity
increase
prolong
production.
In
combination
nanoparticle-based
formulations
that
transfection
efficiency
facilitate
lymphatic
system
targeting,
nucleoside-modified
enables
efficient
delivery
cytokines,
costimulatory
receptors,
therapeutic
antibodies.
Steady
transient
production
encoded
bioactive
molecule
from
improve
pharmacokinetic,
pharmacodynamic
safety
properties
as
compared
respective
recombinant
proteins.
This
may
be
harnessed
applications
benefit
higher
level
expression
control,
such
chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)-modified
adoptive
T-cell
therapies.
review
highlights
advancements
in
field
therapeutics,
providing
insights
into
key
preclinical
developments
evolving
clinical
landscape.
International Journal of Biological Sciences,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
17(6), С. 1446 - 1460
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021
The
Coronavirus
disease-19
(COVID-19)
pandemic,
caused
by
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
-2
(SARS-CoV-2),
has
impacted
human
lives
in
the
most
profound
ways
with
millions
of
infections
and
deaths.Scientists
pharmaceutical
companies
have
been
race
to
produce
vaccines
against
SARS-CoV-2.Vaccine
generation
usually
demands
years
developing
testing
for
efficacy
safety.However,
it
only
took
less
than
one
year
generate
two
mRNA
from
their
development
deployment.The
rapid
production
time,
cost-effectiveness,
versatility
vaccine
design,
clinically
proven
ability
induce
cellular
humoral
immune
response
crowned
spotlights
as
promising
candidates
fight
pandemic.In
this
review,
we
discuss
general
principles
design
working
mechanisms
vaccines,
provide
an
up-to-date
summary
pre-clinical
clinical
trials
on
seven
anti-COVID-19
candidate
focus
already
licensed
vaccination.In
addition,
highlight
key
strategies
designing
maximize
expression
immunogens
avoid
intrinsic
innate
response.We
also
some
perspective
future
COVID-19
other
pathogens.
